Magnetic Compass - One of the oldest and most inexpensive navigational instruments used by seamen for many years in order to find directions., The echo sounder (or sonar) - Works by sending out pulses of sound, which hit on surfaces and are reflected back to the instrument., Radar - Used to detect objects, such as other boats and the coastline., Satellite navigation system - Uses satellites above the Earth to determine the position of the vessel.,

Navigational devices used at sea

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النمط البصري

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