Genetics - Scientific study of heredity, begun by Gregor Mendel in the mid-1800, Heredity - The passing of traits from parent to offspring, DNA - Hereditary material that controls all the activities of a cell and provides instructions for making new cells, Gene - A segment of DNA that carries hereditary instructions and is passed from parent to offspring. Located on chromosomes, Chromosome - A long moleccule of DNA and associated protiens that is found in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells, Alleles - Multiple forms of the same gene, Dominant Trait - The trait observed when at least one dominant allele for a characteristic is inherited, Recessive Trait - A trait that is viible only when two recessive alleles for the same characteristic are inherited, Genotype - An organism's inhereited combination of alleles (the genes that represent the trait), Phenotype - An organism's physical appearance, Heterozygous Trait - Combination of 1 dominant and 1 recessive allele, Homozygous Trait - Homozygous traits consist of either 2 dominant of 2 recessive alleles, Asexual Reproduction - The reproductive proces that involves one parent and produces offspring identical to the parent, Sexual Reproduction - The reproductive process that involves 2 parents and produces genetically different offspring, Budding - A type of asexual reproduction where the offspring is identical to the parent, Binary Fission - A type of asexual reproduction in which one cell divides to form two identical cells, such as occurs in prokaryotic cells, Vegetative Propagation - A type of asexual reprocution by which one plant produces new plants that are geneitcally identical to the parent plant,

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