Common Sense - a pamphlet written by Thomas Paine in 1776 that made an influential argument for American independence, Constitutional Monarchy - system of government in which the powers of the monarch are limited by a written or unwritten constitution, Declaration of Independence - the document approved in 1776 by the Second Continental Congress declaring that the 13 former colonies were free and independent states, divine right of kings - the idea that kings derive their authority from God, not from their subjects, conservative - favoring the maintenance of existing institutions and traditional values, English Bill of Rights - English Bill of Rightsan Act of the Parliament of England that sets out certain basic civil rights and clarifies who would be next to inherit the Crown, First Estate - clergy class that made up less than 5 percent of France's population in the 1700s, Great Compromise - reached during the the Constitutional Convention on representation in Congress, with each state represented equally in the Senate and with representation in the House based on state population, guerrilla warfare - an approach to war that relies on mobility, hit-and-run tactics, and the element of surprise to harass a larger, stronger opponent, Haitian Revolution - a combined slave rebellion and anti-colonial uprising led in part by Toussaint L’Ouverture, Intolerable Acts - laws passed by Parliament in 1774 to punish Massachusetts for the Boston Tea Party by closing Boston harbor, shutting down civilian courts, forcing colonists to house British troops, and placing the colony under the rule of an appointed governor, liberal - favoring individual political and economic freedom, with limits on state power, Napoleonic Code - Napoleon’s code of law that safeguarded ideals of citizens’ equality, individual liberty, and protection of property rights, natural law - the belief that there exists outside of human laws a set of moral principles that can be applied to any culture or system of justice, popular sovereignty - the doctrine that the people are the source of all political power wielded by the state populism a political philosophy that favors the common person’s interests over those of wealthy people or business interests, Reign of Terror - a violent period at the end of the French Revolution in which the monarchy was replaced by a republic, rule of law - the idea that all citizens, even the most powerful, are subject to the law, Second Estate - noble class that made up less than 5 percent of France's population in the 1700s, sovereign - self-governing and independent, Stamp Act - an act passed by Parliament in 1765 requiring colonists to pay a stamp tax on newspapers and documents; the first direct tax imposed on the American colonies, prompting protests of "no taxation without representation", Third Estate - commoner class that made up around 95 percent of France's population in the 1700s,

Lesson 15, Political Revolutions and their Legacies - Vocab

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