Congress - the legislative body of the United States, bureaucracy - the non-elective governmental bodies that administer the operations of the government, jurisdiction - the right of authority the court has over particular cases or territories, bicameral - a legislative body with two houses or chambers, due process - the application of the law and legal principles for all citizens ensuring the protection of rights, Electoral College - the institution that is composed of a set of electors who are chosen to elect a president and vice president into office every four years, Primaries - events held before an election where members of the party go to the polls and vote on which candidate they want to see earn their party’s nomination, Cabinet - the president’s closest advisers, consisting of the vice president, the secretaries of each of the 15 executive departments, and other top government officials that help the president make decisions and policy, Gerrymander - to draw a district’s boundaries to gain an advantage in elections, Commutation - issued by the president; it is a reduction of a sentence, judicial review - the power of the Supreme Court to declare laws and actions of local, state, or national governments unconstitutional, Unconstitutional - not consistent with a nation’s constitution, Criminal Trial Court - hears cases about crimes like burglary, murder, or driving under the influence of alcohol or drugs, Civil Trial Court - hears cases where one person or group thinks another person or group should pay for causing harm, Plaintiff - in a civil trial, the person who brings suit in court, Prosecutor - an attorney who represents the government in a criminal case, Defendant - the person against whom a civil or criminal suit is brought in court, Jury - a group of citizens who hear evidence during a trial and give a verdict, public defender - attorney who works for the state and defends people who cannot afford a private attorney, Plea bargain - an agreement whereby a defendant pleads guilty to a lesser crime than the one with which a defendant was originally charged and in return the government agrees not to prosecute the defendant for the more serious crime, grand jury - a group that hears charges against a suspect and decides whether there is sufficient evidence to bring the person to trial, Indictment - a formal charge of criminal action by a grand jury, Procedural due process - the fair administration of justice, majority opinion - states the decision of the court, Dissenting opinion - a document issued by judges who disagree with the majority opinion, Precedent - a legal principle created by an appellate court decision that lower court judges must follow when deciding similar cases, Statute - a federal law; a law written by a legislative branch, Pardon - issued by the president; it is legal forgiveness for a crime, Amnesty - issued by the president; it is a pardon for a large group of people, Reprieve - issued by the president; it is postponing a sentences,

2nd/5th 6 weeks Government Vocab

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