Cloaca Maxima - “Greatest Sewer” — a sewer that ran through ancient Rome, carried away waste away from the city and into the river Tibet, Hippocrates - The Father of Western Medicine, believed that diseases had natural, not supernatural, Thucydides - Observed that survivors of the Athenian plague were subsequently immune to the system, Marcus Varro - Proposed that disease could be caused by “certain minute creatures … which cannot be seen by the eye”, Louis Pasteur - Credited with numerous innovations that advanced the fields of microbiology and immunity, Robert Koch - Identified the specific microbes that cause anthrax, cholera, and tuberculosis, Reflection - Wave bounces off of a material, Refraction - The fact that light waves change direction as they enter a new medium, Magnification - Ability of a lens to enlarge the image of an object when compared to the real object, Gram-Staining - A differential staining technique that uses a primary stain and a secondary counterstain to distinguish between gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, Basic Stains - Positively charged; stains negatively charged molecules and structures, Acidic Stains - Negatively charged; stains positively charged molecules and structures, Negative Stains - Stains the background, not the specimen, Spontaneous Generation - Theory states that life arose from nonliving matter, Biogenesis - The hypothesis that living organisms arise only from preexisting life, John Needham - Who argued that microbes arose spontaneously in broth from a “life force”, Francesco Redi - Who demonstrated that maggots were the offspring of flies, not products of spontaneous generation, Lazzaro Spallanzani - Whose experiments with broth aimed to disprove those of Needham, Robert Hooke - First used the term “cell” to describe the small chambers within cork that he observed under a microscope, Coccus - Round shaped prokaryotic cell, Streptococcus - Chain of cocci, Hypertonic Solution - A solution that has a higher solute concentration than another solution, Hypotonic Solution - A solution that has a lower solute concentration than another solution, Commensalism - One benefits, the other is unaffected, Parasitism - One benefits, the other is harmed, Log Phase - Cells are actively dividing by binary fission and their number increases exponentially, Generation Time - Bacterial growth is defined as the doubling time of the population, Ftsz - A protein that aids with cytokinesis and cell division, Divisome - Produce a peptidoglycan cell wall and build a septum that divides the two daughter cells, Chemostat - sed to maintain a continuous culture; bacterial suspension is removed at the same rate as nutrients flow in to maintain an optimal growth environment,

(9/21/22) Term Matching

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