Incidence - number of people who develop a disease (new cases) during a particular time period, Prevalence - number of people who develop a disease at a specified time, regardless of when it first appeared, Sporadic Disease - disease that occurs only occasionally in a population (prevalence is zero), Endemic Disease - disease constantly present in a population (never zero prevalence), Epidemic Disease - disease acquired by many people in a given area in a short time (increasing incidence), Pandemic Disease - worldwide epidemic (high worldwide incidence), Reservoirs - continual sources of infection, Living Reservoirs - human reservoirs: AIDS, gonorrhea; carriers may have no apparent infections or latent diseases, Animal Reservoirs - zoonoses (rabies, Lyme disease), Nonliving Reservoirs - soil and water (tetanus, cholera), Carrier - individual capable of transmitting a pathogen without displaying symptoms, Passive Carrier - contaminated with the pathogen and can mechanically transmit it to another host (without being infected), Active Carrier - an infected individual who can transmit the disease to others, Asymptomatic carriers - active carriers who do not present signs or symptoms of disease despite infection, Vertical Direct Contact - pathogens are transmitted from mother to child during pregnancy, birth, or breastfeeding, Horizontal Direct Contact - often, contact between mucous membranes, Droplet Transmission - transmission via airborne droplets, Indirect Contact Transmission - spread to a host by a nonliving object; fomite, Vehicle Transmission - transmission by an inanimate reservoir (waterborne, foodborne, airborne), Mechanical Transmission - arthropod carries pathogen on its feet, Biological Transmission - pathogen reproduces in the vector; transmitted via bites, Emerging Diseases - diseases that are new, or increasing in incidence, or showing a potential to increase in the near future,

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