1) Which option correctly lists the periods of disease in order? a) Illness → Convalescence → Decline → Incubation → Prodromal b) Incubation → Prodromal → Convalescence → Illness → Decline c) Incubation → Prodromal → Illness → Convalescence → Decline d) Incubation → Prodromal → Illness —> Decline → Convalescence 2) During which period does the patient begin to present general signs and symptoms? a) Convalescence b) Incubation c) Illness d) Prodromal 3) What are the stages of pathogenesis in order: a) Exposure → infection → invasion → adhesion b) Adhesion → exposure → infection → invasion c) Exposure → adhesion → invasion → infection d) Infection → invasion → adhesion → exposure 4) Carries a pathogen on its body from one host to another, not as an infection a) Biological vector b) Mechanical vector c) Arthropod d) Fomite 5) Which of the following is NOT a symptom a) Nausea b) High blood pressure c) Loss of appetite d) Fatigue e) Migraine 6) Phoebe contracted tetanus while at work. Should her sister be worried about contracting the disease, too? a) No, because tetanus is a zoonotic disease b) No, because tetanus is a noncommunicable disease c) No, because tetanus is a nosocomial disease d) Yes, tetanus is spread easily and is a communicable disease 7) Which of the following would be a sign of an infection? a) Muscle Ache b) Headache c) Fever d) Nausea 8) During an oral surgery, the surgeon nicked the patient’s gum with a sharp instrument. This allowed Streptococcus, a bacterium normally present in the mouth, to gain access to the blood. As a result, the patient developed bacterial endocarditis (an infection of the heart). Which type of disease is this? a) Iatrogenic b) Nosocomial c) Vector d) Zoonotic 9) Unicellular fungi are called _________ a) Molds b) Yeasts c) Zygomycota d) Ascomycota 10) Classified as “animal-like” protists a) Algae b) Protozoans c) Water Molds d) Plankton 11) Algae are a) photosynthetic, unicellular or multicellular b) nonphotosynthetic, unicellular or multicellular c) photosynthetic, always unicellular d) nonphotosynthetic, always unicellular 12) Which of the following are not form of locomotion used by protozoans a) Pseudopods b) Cilia c) Muscles d) Flagella 13) Which correctly describes a Latent virus? a) They remain present but do no damage b) They remain inside the host’s cell and are symptomatic c) They gradually become active over a long period of time d) They cause an acute infection for a large part of the cell’s life, and gradually become active 14) Trypanosoma cruzi causes American trypanosomiasis. What is another name for this disease? a) African sleeping sickness b) Valley Fever c) Malaria d) Chagas Disease 15) Hyphae that lack cell walls and cell membranes between cells are called a) Coenocytic Hyphae b) Pseudohyphae c) Septate hyphae d) Hyphae 16) Where does photosynthesis occur in a lichen? a) Algal Zone b) Rhizines c) Medulla d) Cortex 17) What are bacteriophages? a) Bacteria that infect other bacteria b) Fungi that infect bacteria c) Bacteria that infect viruses d) Viruses that infect bacteria 18) Viruses are intracellular obligate parasites. What does this mean? a) They can survive for long periods of time without a host cell b) They can create copies of themselves through the process of parasitism c) They cannot sexually reproduce or express their genes without a host cell 19) The most accessible portal of entry is the a) Mucous Membranes b) Blood c) Skin d) Urine 20) (T/F) Viruses contains either DNA or RNA but never both a) True b) False 21) What is the enzyme present in all RNA viruses? a) RNA polymerase b) DNA polymerase c) Hyaluronidase d) Reverse Transcriptase 22) Which of the following is a main component of a fungi cell wall a) Lipopolysaccharide b) Chitin c) Peptidoglycan d) Pseudomurein 23) What is a focal infection? a) Pathogens are limited to a small area of the body b) A localized pathogen can spread to a secondary location c) An infection disseminated throughout the body d) An opportunistic infection after a predisposing infection 24) Which of the following is NOT a fomite: a) Towel b) Doorknob c) Table d) Mosquito 25) A capsid is a ____________ a) Lipid Layer b) Carbohydrate-protein complex c) Protective protein coat d) Hollow, cylindrical structure 26) What is the main source of the agar plates used in the BIOL20/20N laboratory? a) Red Algae b) Green Algae c) Dinoflagellate d) Yeast 27) What is the type of lichen described to be “crusty” a) Foliose b) Crustose c) Fruticose 28) Which of the followings describe Endotoxins (select all that apply) a) Less virulent than exotoxins b) Gram Negative c) LD50 is small d) LD50 is relatively large e) Gram Positive 29) Which of the following exoenzymes digests polysaccharides that hold cells together, increasing spreading of infections a) Coagulase b) Hyaluronidase c) Collagenase d) Kinases 30) Soil and water are examples of a) Living reservoirs b) Nonliving reservoirs c) Active carriers d) Animal reservoirs 31) What is not an outcome of complement activation? a) Cytolysis b) Opsonization c) Apoptosis d) Inflammation 32) What is not a mode of action for cytokines? a) Endocrine b) Exocrine c) Autocrine d) Paracrine 33) Which cytokine mode of action signals secreted to circulatory system and travels to distant cells a) Autocrine b) Paracrine c) Endocrine d) Exocrine 34) Which of the following classes of cytokine is produced by cells infected by viruses; have antiviral activity? a) Interleukins b) Chemokines c) Interferons d) Endocrine 35) Which white blood cell provides a bridge between innate and adaptive immune responses? a) Monocytes b) Mast Cells c) Neutrophils d) Eosinophils 36) Which of the following WBCs release histamine and work in allergic responses a) Neutrophils b) Basophils c) Eosinophils d) Monocytes 37) HIV is transmitted through the exchange of a variety of body fluids from infected people. This type of transmission to another person is known as which of the following? a) Droplet b) Horizontal Direct Contact c) Vertical Direct Contact d) Indirect 38) You just tested positive for COVID19! You take an antigen test and it shows up as positive! You’re very confused because you’re not coughing, you still have both your taste and smell senses. Based on this description, what type of carrier are you? (select all that apply) a) Active Carrier b) Asymptomatic Carrier c) Passive Carrier d) Symptomatic Carrier 39) Pathogens are being transmitted from mother to child during pregnancy, birth, or breastfeeding is also known as what type of transmission? a) Offspring-borne transmission b) Vertical transmission c) Horizontal transmission d) None of the above 40) Monocytes differentiate into a) Macrophages b) Dendritic Cells c) Lymphocytes d) Both A and B 41) What is the main function of a phagocyte? a) Stimulate immune response b) Stimulate inflammatory response c) Constrict the blood vessels d) Seek, ingest, and kill all pathogens 42) Mosquitos, Fleas, Ticks are examples of which of the following a) Arthropods b) Vectors c) Fomite 43) Which of the following cells produce mucus? a) Goblet Cells b) Ciliated Cells c) Neurons d) Red Blood Cells 44) Portal of Entry ID50 of Naegleria fowleri:  a) Skin b) Inhalation c) Ingestion 45) Pathogen A has an ID50 of 10 particles, Pathogen B has an ID50 of 100 particles, and pathogen C has an ID50 of 200 particles. Which pathogen is most virulent? a) Pathogen A b) Pathogen B c) Pathogen C 46) Blood pressure of 140/90mmHg a) Sign b) Symptom 47) Chest pain a) Sign b) Symptom 48) Dizziness a) Sign b) Symptom 49) Body Temperature of 37°C (98.6°F) a) Sign b) Symptom 50) Body aches a) Sign b) Symptom

BIOL20 Practice Exam #3 (11/20/24)

από
Εκτύπωση
Ενσωμάτωση

Κατάταξη

Οπτικό στυλ

Επιλογές

Αλλαγή προτύπου

Επαναφορά αυτόματα αποθηκευμένου: ;