ecosystem - living and nonliving things in their natural environment, terrestrial - related to land, aquatic - related to water, biotic factor - all living things in an ecosystem (plants, animals, and bacteria), abiotic factor - all nonliving things in an ecosystem, such as sunlight, air, water, rocks, and soil, deciduous forest - a forest biome biome with many kinds of trees that lose their leaves each autumn, desert - a sandy or rocky biome, with little precipitation and little plant life, estuary - places where a river flows into the ocean;fresh water mixes with salt water, grasslands - a biome where grasses, not trees, are the main plant life, rain forest - a hot biome near the equator, with a lot of rainfall and a wide variety of life, taiga - a cool forest biome of conifers in the upper Northern Hemisphere, tundra - a large, treeless plain in the arctic regions, where the ground is frozen all year, salt marsh - a grassland that becomes flooded with salt water from the ocean, brackish water - a mixture of saltwater and freshwater, consumer - an animal that eats plants or eats other plant-eating animals, producer - any of the plants and algae that produce oxygen and food that animals need, decomposer - the fungi or bacteria that break down dead plants and animals into useful things like minerals and rich soil, predator - an animal that hunts other animals for food, prey - a living thing that is hunted for food, food chain - the path of energy in food from one organism to another, food web - the overlapping food chains in an ecosystem, energy pyramid - diagram that shows the flow of energy through a food chain, life cycles - all the stages in the life of an organism, population - all the members of one species in an ecosystem, communities - all the living things in an ecosystem, adaptation - structure, behavior, or other trait in an organism that helps it survive in it's environment, competition - this occurs when more than one population tries to make use of the same limited resource, symbiosis - a close relationship between two different types of organisms, commensalism - one organism benefits, but the other organism is neither harmed nor helped, parasitism - one organism benefits but the other is harmed, mutualism - both organisms benefit, heredity - the passing down of traits from parents to children, genes - the way a trait or feature is passed down, inherited trait - a characteristic that is passed from parents to their offspring, learned trait - a behavior or trait that has been taught, recessive - a gene that is masked by a dominant gene; it is the weaker gene, dominant - a gene that is stronger than the recessive, multicellular - made up of more than one cell, unicellular - made up of only one cell; single-celled, tissue - a group of cells that work together to do a job in the body, organ - a group of tissues that have a specific function, organ system - a group of organs that work together to perform a specific function, skeletal system - the group of bones, joints, cartilage, and other tissues and organs that work together to hold the body up, give it shape, protect inner organs, make blood cells, and produce movement when muscles pull on bones, muscular system - the group of organs that cause movement of body parts, bones - the substance that forms the skeleton of the body, cartilage - tissue in the skeletal system that is strong but more flexible than bone, joints - a place where two or more bones meet, voluntary muscles - muscles that you choose to move, involuntary muscles - muscles you have no control over, smooth muscle - the kind of muscle that works automatically to carry out certain functions, such as moving food through the digestive system, skeletal muscle - the kind of muscle tissue that moves bones, cardiac muscle - the kind of muscle that makes your heart beat and pump blood through your body, respiratory system - the group of organs that work together to take in oxygen and release waste gases, circulatory system - the group of organs that work together to move blood throughout the body, vessels - a system of tubes that carries blood throughout the body, lungs - the two organs in the respiratory system that takes oxygen from the air and releases waste gases into the air, trachea - the tube in the respiratory system that connects the mouth and nose with the bronchi, blood - a tissue made of blood cells floating in a liquid; carries materials throughout the body, heart - the organ in the circulatory system that pumps blood throughout the body, digestive system - the group of organs that work together to break food down into nutrients that the body can use, nervous system - the group of organs that control all body activities, nerves - an organ in the nervous system that carries messages to and from the spinal cord and brain, esophagus - the tube in the digestive system that connects the mouth to the stomach, small intestine - the organ in the digestive system that finishes breaking down food with digestive juices and absorbs nutrients, large intestine - the organ in the digestive system that removes water from undigested wastes before they leave the body, stomach - the organ in the digestive system that churns food and mixes it with digestive juices, spinal cord - the bundle of nerves inside the backbone that carries messages to and from the brain, brain - the organ in the nervous system that is the control center for the body, force - energy in the form of a push or pull, motion - a change in position or location, friction - a force that slows the movement of an object, gravity - a force that pulls objects toward the center of Earth, balanced force - two equal forces that push against one another causing no movement, unbalanced force - two unequal forces that push against one another and causes movement, inertia - the tendency of an object to resist a change in motion, mass - amount of matter in an object, weight - the pull of gravity on an object, matter - anything that has weight and takes up space (solids, liquids, and gases),

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