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1) Why do both divisions of the ANS have cholinergic-nicotinic receptors from the preganglionic to the postganglionic axon? a) It allows the axons to stop the signal when needed b) The Na+ ion channels along the axons must close to fire a signal throughout the pathway c) The postganglionic axon must be excited to fire a signal to the target cell d) The postganglionic axon must be excited to stop a signal from being sent to the target cell 2) Thyroxine is in the blood and is circulating throughout the body. Which of the following is true? a) It is bound to thyroxine-binding globulin as it is transported within the blood b) When unbound, it will move into target cells and bind to cell membrane receptors c) It will use a G-protein coupled receptor to amplify its signal d) Homodimers are required for transcription and translation 3) Which hormones are secreted by the anterior pituitary gland? a) PRL, GH, ADH, LH, FSH, TSH b) PRL, GH, oxytocin, LH FSH, TSH c) ACTH, PRL, GH, LH, FSH, TSH d) oxytocin, vasopressin 4) “En passant” synapses do not have: a) nissl bodies b) dendrites c) axon terminals d) all of the above e) none of the above 5) What is the overriding control of the endocrine system? a) It is hardwired b) Hormones c) Dependent on the nervous system d) None of the above 6) The supraoptic nucleus synthesizes ______ and it is transported through the hypothalamo-hypophyseal ________. a) ADH; portal system b) ADH; tract c) oxytocin; portal system d) oxytocin; tract 7) What system(s) is/are involved with telecrine communication? a) nervous system b) endocrine system c) both A and B d) neither A or B 8) Why is phosphodiesterase important? a) It acts as a catalyst for the production of cAMP b) It hydrolyzes cGMP into inactive fragments c) It prevents cAMP from continue to activate Protein Kinase A d) It phosphorylates other enzymes when Protein Kinase A is inactive 9) Which hormone has a prohormone before activation? a) insulin b) thyroxine c) calcitonin d) aldosterone 10) What is a pharmacological dose versus a physiological dose? a) A pharmacological dose is small; a physiological dose is order of higher magnitude b) A pharmacological dose is order of a higher magnitude; a physiological dose is a small dose c) Physiological dose results in side effects d) None of the above 11) Which of the following is a function of the PSNS division of the ANS? a) increases heart rate and breathing b) prepares for emergency c) increases digestive system motility and activity d) dilates pupils 12) Which of the following is not a tropic hormone? a) ACTH b) ADH c) LH d) TSH 13) Aldosterone is released from: a) adrenal medulla b) zona reticularis c) zona fasciculata d) zona glomerulosa 14) Which can lead to amplification? a) Hydrophilic hormones b) Lipophilic hormones c) Neither d) Both A and B 15) What is divergence in mass activation of the SNS? a) The signal doesn’t make it to the next neuron b) The postganglionic fibers receive input from many other fibers c) The postganglionic fibers branch to synapse with many other fibers d) None of the above 16) What happens when a person has not eaten for half a day? a) Alpha cells secrete insulin to raise blood glucose levels b) Alpha cells secrete glucagon to raise blood glucose levels c) Beta cells secrete insulin to lower blood glucose levels d) Beta cells secrete glucagon to lower blood glucose levels 17) What is meant by the half-life of a hormone? a) How long until the hormone loses half of its strength b) How long until there is half of the original amount of the hormone is left in circulation c) How long until the body stops making the hormone d) How long until the body makes more of the hormone 18) Negative feedback on thyroid hormone needs to occur to maintain homeostasis. Which event(s) will occur? a) TRH levels will decrease b) TSH levels will decrease c) Both A and B d) None of the above 19) A person’s parathyroid has been releasing too much PTH. Which of the following may occur? a) Osteoclasts will break down bone b) Blood calcium levels are going to decrease c) Ca2+ will be deposited in bone d) Both B and C 20) Which of the following does have synergistic effects? a) RAAS and ANP b) insulin and glucagon c) Calcitonin and PTH d) FSH and testosterone 21) Intracellular receptors: a) Bind to hydrophilic molecules b) consist of alpha and beta receptors c) amplify the signal only through transcription and translation d) have a high affinity for most hormones 22) Which is an example of a peptide hormone? a) Insulin b) Estrogen c) Epinephrine d) Thyroxine 23) What happens during upregulation? a) The number of cellular receptors is decreased b) Desensitization occurs due to prolonged exposure to high concentration of hormones c) Exposure to the same concentration of hormones leads to a smaller response d) There is an increase in sensitivity of the target cells to further hormone stimulation 24) All of the following hormones are released from the hypothalamus to control the anterior pituitary gland except: a) GRH b) vasopressin c) PIH d) somatostatin 25) Which type of hormone is synthesized on demand instead of being made in advance? a) Peptide hormones b) Steroid hormones c) Catecholamines d) Thyroid hormones 26) What is a permissive interaction? (more than one answer) a) One hormone enhances the response of the target organ to a second hormone b) Effect of both hormones together is greater than sum of each c) One hormone increases the activity of the second hormone d) Both hormones are needed to complete the activity e) (just discuss the other right answer T_T) i cant pick 2 correct answer 27) Which of the following are NOT characteristic of hydrophilic hormones? (more than one answer) a) Diffusion through plasma membrane b) Cellular response c) Hormone carried in transport d) Dissolves in plasma 28) Which molecule cannot pass freely through a plasma membrane? a) Estrogen b) Thyroid T3/T4 c) Catecholamines d) Progesterone

67B 2/6.2

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