Bonding  - Developing a feeling of affection, Environment - Sum of all the conditions and situations that surround and affect a child’s growth and development, Genetics  - Person’s inherited traits passed to them through their parent’s genes at conception, Traits  - Characteristics belonging to one person, Afterbirth - The third stage of labor; when amniotic sac, placenta and umbilical cord is expelled, Amniotic Fluid - Guards against jolts, keeps the fetus at a constant temperature, keeps fetus from adhering to the endometrium lining, Amniocentesis  - Prenatal test in which a needle is inserted through the woman’s abdomen into the amniotic sac and a sample of the fluid is removed for cell study, Amniotic Sac - Transparent membrane that surrounds the fetus and holds the amniotic fluid., Anesthesia  - Medical treatment that prevents patients from feeling pain during procedures, Birth Defect  - A physical or biochemical defect that is present at birth and may be inherited or environmentally induced, Breech Position - Common abnormal birth position in which a baby enters the birth canal feet-, legs-, or buttocks-first, Cesarean (C-section) - Delivery method in which the mother’s abdomen and uterus are surgically opened and the baby is removed, Cervix - Lower, narrow portion of the uterus that connects the uterus to the vagina, Conception  - Joining of the ovum and sperm cells, Cleft Palate - Congenital fissure of the of the roof of the mouth, Contractions - Tightening or shortening of a muscle , Crowning - To appear and begin to emerge headfirst or crown first at the vaginal opening, Delivery - Second stage of labor; process of the fetus being expelled from the uterus, Dilation  - First stage of labor during which the cervix opens, Dominant Trait  - Traits that are always expressed in a person even if only one gene of the pair is inherited for that trait, Down Syndrome - Chromosomal condition that occurs when each body cell has three copies of chromosome 21 instead of 2 copies, Effacement  - The thinning of the cervix in preparation for birth; expressed in percentages, Embryo  - Medical term used to describe the unborn baby in the embryonic stage of development–weeks 3-8 of the pregnancy, Endometrium Lining - Functions as the lining of the uterus, Epidural - Medication given to relieve pain during labor, Episiotomy - Incision made to widen the birth canal and prevent tearing, Expulsion  - Forcing out , Fallopian Tubes  - Two hollow tubes that extend from the right and left sides of the uterus and have fingerlike projections that reach toward each ovary, Zygote - The developing baby during the first two weeks of pregnancy, Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders - Group of symptoms that occurs in infants whose mothers drank alcohol during pregnancy, Fetus - Medical term used to describe the unborn baby in the fetal stage of development–week 9 until the end of pregnancy, Folic Acid - Synthetic form of the B vitamin folate; reduces the baby’s risk for neural tube defects, Fontanels - Synthetic form of the B vitamin folate; reduces the baby’s risk for neural tube defects, Gestational Diabetes - Diabetes diagnosed for the first time during pregnancy, Lightening - The movement of the baby into the pelvic region of its mother in preparation for delivery, Low-birth Weight - Weight of newborn is less than 5.5 lbs at birth, Miscarriage - A pregnancy loss that takes place before the 20th week (5th month) of pregnancy, Midwife  - Person who assists women in childbirth, Natural Childbirth - Childbirth without any medication, Obstetrician - A doctor trained in the medical science that deals with pregnancy, childbirth and the postpartum period, Midwife - Person who assists women in childbirth, Ovary - Female reproductive glands in which ovum are produced, Ovum - The female reproductive cell, Perineum - The surface area between the vagina and anus, Placenta - An organ attached to the endometrium lining that filters and transfers nutrients and oxygen to the fetus, PKU - Inability to process protein, Postpartum - The period following childbirth, Placenta Previa - Abnormal implantation of the placenta, Premature Birth - Baby born before 37 weeks of pregnancy, Prenatal - Occurring or existing before birth, Quickening - To reach the stage of gestation at which fetal motion is felt, Recessive Trait - A genetic trait that will only be expressed if transmitted by both parents, Rh Factor - Protein on red blood cell that indicates whether or not blood is compatible, Spina Bifida - Birth defect of the spinal column, Sperm - Male reproductive cell, Stillbirth  - The birth of an infant that has died in the womb after the first 20 weeks, Preeclampsia - Condition developing in late pregnancy that causes high blood pressure and excess protein in urine, Trimester - A period of three or about three months, Ultrasound - A diagnostic examination using sound vibrations, Umbilical Cord - The connection between the fetus and the placenta that passes oxygen and nutrients from the mother to the child and returns waste products back to the mother, Uterus - Hollow, pear-shaped organ that expands during pregnancy to hold the growing fetus and contracts during labor to deliver the baby, Vagina - The muscular tube leading from the external genitals to the cervix of the uterus in women, APGAR Test - A test given 1 minute and again 5 minutes after birth to determine the general health of the infant, Autonomy - Self-governing or independent, Babinski Reflex  - Newborn reflex demonstrated when foot is stroked, toes fan out, Classification - Putting objects into sets based on common traits, Cognitive Development  - How one learns, gains information, and understands the world around them, Conservation - The preservation of a physical quantity during transformations or reactions, Cooperative Play - Play characterized by children interacting with one another, Discipline - Behavior modification when needed, Egocentrism  - An excessive interest in oneself, Emotional Development - The process of learning to recognize and express feelings and to establish a unique personal identity, Erik Erikson - Theorist focused on emotional development. Theory known as Psychosocial Development Theory, Failure to Thrive - When the weight or rate of weight gain of a child is significantly below that of other children of similar age and sex, Fine Motor Skills - Coordination between your small muscles (hands, wrists, fingers) in coordination with your eye, Gross Motor Skills - Skill development that involves the large muscles in the arms, legs and torso, Grasping Reflex - A reflex demonstrated by placing an object in the palm and the infant closes their fist around the object, Head to Foot - Growth proceeds from head to foot (ex. A baby can lift their head before they can sit up), Initiative - Taking the first step independently, Jean Piaget - Theorist focused on cognitive development. Theory called Cognitive Development Theory., Vernix - Waxy substance that protects the skin of the fetus, Lanugo - A dense cottony or downy growth of hair covering the fetus, Moral Development - The process of learning right from wrong, Moro (Startle) Reflex - A reflex demonstrated when an infant is startled; they will extend their arms and legs away from the body, Motor Skills - Coordinated movements of the body, Near to Far - Growth proceeds from near to far (ex. Infant moves arm before they can control finger movement), Object Permanence - Knowing an object exists even when it is out of sight, Onlooker Play - When a child observes other children as they play, without playing themselves, Parallel Play - When children play next to one another, but do not influence each others behavior, Physical Development - Growth and development of both the brain and body in early childhood, Psychosocial Development Theory  - Theory focused on both psychological and social aspects of development. Developed by Erik Erikson., Reflex - An automatic and inborn response found in newborns, Rooting Reflex - A reflex in which a newborn’s cheek is stroked and they will turn their head towards the touch., Self-help Skills - Skills that a child can begin to do themselves (feed themselves, dress themselves, etc), Sensorimotor  - The first stage in Cognitive Development Theory. A stage in which children learn through their senses., Separation Anxiety - A form of anxiety experienced by a young child when they are separated from a caregiver, Seriation - Putting objects in an order based on size, weight, etc., Shaken Baby Syndrome - Group of symptoms that tend to occur in an infant which has been severely shaken (or other actions) causing internal trauma to the brain and which may result in death, Simple to Complex - Growth proceeds from simple-to-complex (ex. Hold head, rolls over, then sits up), Socialization - Learning the values, habits and attitudes of society. ,

Child Development Set 1

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