cell membrane components - phospholipids and protein, diffusion - movement of substances from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration, passive process, osmosis - movement of water molecules from an area of high water concentation to an area of low water concentration through a selectively permiable membrane, passive process, plasmolysed - shrinking of plant component from the cell wall, occurs when plant is placed in a hypertonic / high solute / low water concentration solution, turgid - swelling of a plant cell, due to being placed in a solution with high water concentation / low solute concentration / hypotonic , burst - occurs in animal cells when placed in a hypotonic / high water concentration / low solute concentration, due to lack of cell wall, shrink - occurs in animal cells when placed in a hypertonic / low water concentration / high solute concentration, hypertonic - solution containing a low water / high solute concentation compared to the inside of a cell, isotonic - solution containing a equal water / solute concentration as inside the cell , hypotonic - solution containing high water / low solute concentration, compared to the inside of a cell, active transport - movement of substances from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration via membrane proteins, requires ATP/energy, concentration gradient - difference in concentration of substances in two areas, selectively / semi permeable - allows the movement of some (smaller) molecules but not others (larger molecules), passive transport - movement of molecules down a concentration gradient, does not require energy, diffusion examples - animal- glucose/oxygen into the cell, removal of carbon dioxide/waste. plants = carbon dioxide and amino acids into the cell, active transport examples - animals = movement of sodium and potassium (maintains higher K and lower Na in cell), transport methods - diffusion, osmosis, active transport, fluid mosaic - The phospholipids make the membrane fluid ( constantly moving) and the proteins form a mosaic pattern in the membrane and perform a variety of functions, factors affecting active transport - Oxygen concentration, Glucose concentration, temperature (all linked to production of ATP by respiration!), stay the same - cells placed in isotonic / equal water concentration / equal solute concentration , no net movement of molecules,

Nat 5 Biology 1.2 transport across membranes

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