a/an: when we mention sth for the first time, with singular nouns only, the: when we mention sth for the second time, with singular and plural nouns, when sth is unique (the Moon, the Earth etc), directions (on the left, on the right, at the corner), names of the countries with states, federations etc. (the USA, the Russian Federation etc), with group of mountains, islands (the Hawai, the Alps etc), no article: with groups in general (Dogs are smarter than cats), with people's names (Kevin, Sue etc), with single names of countries (Ukraine, Uganda, France etc), with names of rivers, lakes, single mountains and islands (Thames, Como, Everest etc),

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