Marx - Society split into two groups: bourgeoisie and proletariat, Eysenck - Personality as E scale and N scale, Freud - 3 dimensions of psyche: id, ego and superego, Lombroso - Atavistic characteristics of criminals, Sheldon - 3 somatotypes: endomorphs, ectomorphs and mesomorphs, Christiansen - Studied 3586 twin pairs in Denmark, Mednick et al - Studied over 14000 adopted sons in Denmark, Jacob - Studied XYY 'super men', Phineas Gage - Associated with study of brain injuries, Bowlby - Maternal deprivation theory, Sutherland - Differential association theory, Skinner - Operant learning theory, Bandura - Bobo doll experiments, Kohlberg - Moral development theory, Durkheim - Functionalist theory suggesting crime is inevitable and desirable, Merton - Strain theory, Cohen - Status frustration, Cloward and Ohlin - Three subcultures: criminal, conflict, retreatist, Lemert - Labelling and self-fulfilling prophecy, Cicourel - Police typifications, Murray - Right realist underclass, Felson - Routine activity theory, Lea and Young - Left realism: relative deprivation, subculture and marginalisation, Foucault - Panopticon, Mathiesen - Synopticon, Feeley and Simon - Actuarial justice and profiling,

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