Warming up - Students think about the general topic. This might involve general brainstorming, pair work discussions, or awareness raising activities. At the upper levels, it might also include a discussion of a reading that the essay prompt focuses on., Understanding the prompt - Students receive some kind of written description of the assignment. The prompt might be a question or statement that they respond to. Sometimes the prompt will also include background information and dates for the project. Teachers may have students use a dictionary, write down their position, discuss their position with a partner, etc. , Getting ideas - Students brainstorm possible ideas related to the prompt. At this point, students may choose a position or opinion to answer the prompt. These are usually key words when written down and not full sentences. Students may make notes, do free writing, have partner discussions, etc. Teachers may elicit ideas in a class discussion and guide feedback on whether the ideas are logical, significant, etc., Organizing ideas - Students start to select the ideas that they want to include in their writing and think about the order of those ideas. There may be a combination of key words and sentences that students produce. Students may use mind maps, outlines, etc. , Drafting - Students actually start writing. This may be more of a free writing style or could involve paragraphing. , Revising - Students focus on content and organization by looking back at their what they have written and think about how to make their ideas clearer, more logical, and have better support. Students may get comments from a teacher or peer. They think about what they may need to cut, move, add, or change. , Editing - Students work on correcting vocabulary, grammar, punctuation, capitals, and formatting. , Submitting - Students present their writing to readers. This may be done by ‘publishing’ it on an online discussion board, the wall, in a class magazine, etc. Alternatively, they may simply turn in a hard copy (with previous drafts) to the teacher for grading or email the document to the teacher. Teachers can use the ‘compare docs’ feature on Microsoft Word to easily see what changes students made based on feedback on the first draft (See IEC Teachers’ Website for details on how to use this tool).,

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