lesioning - damaged brain tissue; researchers study its impact on functioning, CT - x-rays of the head that create images that may show brain damage, MRI - people lie in a chamber that uses magnetic fields/radio waves to map out brain structure, EEG - electrodes placed on the scalp to measure electrical activity in neurons, MEG - a head coil that records magnetic fields from the brain’s natural electrical currents, PET - tracks when a radioactive substance goes through the brain of a person whilst they are performing a task, fMRI - measures blood flow to regions by taking continuous MRI scans of the brain, brainstem - controls automatic survival functions, medulla - base of the brainstem, controls heartbeat and breathing, pons - above the medulla, controls sleep and coordinates movements, retireticular formation - network of nerves that travels through brainstem into the thalamus, thalamus - top of the brainstem, relay station for sensory stimuli (except smell), cerebellum - at the end of the brainstem, processes sensory input, coordinates movement and balance, and enables nonverbal learning and memory, limbic system - made up of the amygdala, hippocampus, and hypothalamus, associated with emotions, drives, and memory formation, amygdala - two lima-bean-sized neural clusters linked to aggression and fear, hypothalamus - below the thalamus, in charge of actions such as eating, drinking, body temp, helps govern endocrine system with the pituitary gland, and is linked to emotion and reward, hippocampus - structure with two “arms” that wrap around thalamus, in charge of storing memories of facts and events, cerebral cortex - interconnected neural cells that cover the cerebral hemispheres; acts as an information-processing center, frontal lobes - portion of cerebral cortex found just behind the forehead; for linguistic processing, muscle movements, higher-order thinking, and executive functioning, parietal lobes - receives and processes sensory input for touch and body position, occipital lobes - portion of cerebral cortex at the back of the head; receives information from visual fields, temporal lobes - portion of cerebral cortex lying above the ears; enables language processing and receives information from auditory areas, motor cortex - part of cerebral cortex that controls voluntary movements, somatosensory cortex - part of cerebral cortex that registers and processes bodily touch and movement sensations, association areas  - are spread throughout all four lobes to connect and add complexity to functions, plasticity - the brain’s ability to change and adapt based on experiences, neurogenesis - when the brain attends to mend itself by producing new neurons,

AP Psych Unit One - Anatomy of the Brain

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