Radioactive Decay - When unstable nuclei emit nuclear radiation in the form of an alpha particle, beta particle or gamma ray in an attempt to become more stable. , Isotope - Atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons in the nucleus , Mass Number (A) - Used alongside atomic number to identify a particular isotope. Gives the total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus. , Atomic Number (Z) - Used alongside mass number to identify a particular isotope. Gives the number of protons in the nucleus. , Nuclear Equation  - Used with isotope symbols to describe radioactive decays. In all nuclear equations, both mass number and atomic number are consserved. , Parent Nucleus - The original nucleus before a reaction takes place. , Daughter Nucleus - The product produced in a nuclear reaction. , Lost Mass - Describes the mass difference which arises due to sum of the masses of the particles produced by a reaction being slightly less than the sum of the masses of the particle before the reaction. , Einstein's Mass-Energy Equivalence Principle - According to this principle, lost mass can be turned into energy, but energy can also be turned into mass, Nuclear Fission - The progress in which an unstable, heavy atomic nucleus splits into two or more lighter nuclei (called fission fragments) with energy being released  , Spontaneous Fission - A type of nuclear fission that occurs when the nucleus randomly decays , Induced Fission - A type of nuclear fission that occurs when the nucleus is bombarded by a neutron, causing it to split. , Chain Reaction - When a nucleus undergoes induced fission, the released neutrons can go on to hit other nuclei, causing further fission reactions, and the cycle repeats. The process may be controlled (nuclear power) or uncontrolled (nuclear weapons). , Nuclear Fission Reactor - In nuclear power stations, nuclear fission is used to produce heat energy within nuclear fission reactors. This is used to turn water into steam, which drives turbines to generate electricity. , Moderator - Used in nuclear fission reactors to slow down the fast moving neutrons released in fission reactors. , Nuclear Fusion - The process of small nuclei joining together to form a larger nucleus, with energy being released. , Nuclear Fusion Reactor - Where nuclear fusion is used to produce energy. Special conditions of high temperatures and pressure are required to create the plasma in which the fusion reactions can take place., Plasma - A state of matter in which nuclear reactions can take place. , Plasma Containment - The use of powerful magnetic fields to prevent the high-temperature plasma from physically touching and therefore melting any parts of the reactor. , Alpha Decay - When an alpha particle is emitted from the nucleus of an atom. For an original parent nucleus undergoing alpha decay its: mass number will decrease by 4 and the atomic number will decrease by 2 , Beta Decay  - When a neutron decays into a proton and electron (and anti-neutrino). For an original parent nucleus undergoing beta decay its: mass number will remain unchanged and and the atomic number will decrease by 1, Gamma Decay  - When a high-energy electromagnetic wave is emitted from the nucleus in an attempt to become more stable. For an original parent nucleus undergoing gamma decay its: mass number will remain unchanged and the atomic number will remain unchanged.  ,

H Nuclear Reactions

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