nullify - to cancel, precedent - An example that may serve as a basis for imitation or later action, Alexander Hamilton - First Secretary of the Treasury. He advocated creation of a national bank, assumption of state debts by the federal government, and a tariff system to pay off the national debt., tariff - A tax on imported goods, xyz affair - A 1797 incident in which French officials demanded a bribe from U.S. diplomats, whiskey rebellion - In October, 1794, the army, led by Washington, put down the rebellion. The incident showed that the new government under the Constitution could react swiftly and effectively to such a problem, in contrast to the inability of the government under the Articles of Confederation to deal with Shay's Rebellion., Neutrality Proclamation of 1793 - Issued by George Washington, it proclaimed America's formal neutrality in the escalating conflict between England and France, a statement that enraged pro-French Jeffersonians., Judiciary act of 1789 - used to enforce the law (suppresion of the whiskey rebellion), John Jay - first Chief justice of the Supreme Court, Democratic-Republicans - Led by Thomas Jefferson, believed people should have political power, favored strong STATE governments, emphasized agriculture, strict interpretation of the Constitution, pro-French, opposed National Bank, Federalist Party - A political party created in the 1790s and influenced by Alexander Hamilton that wanted to strengthen the federal government and promote industry and trade., agrarian - concerning farms, farmers, or the use of land, Loose Interpretation - Government can do anything not specifically forbidden by the Constitution., Strict Interpretation - A way of INTERPRETING the Constitution that allows the Federal Gov't to ONLY do those things SPECIFICALLY mentioned in the Constitution,

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