1) We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights. . . . —Declaration of Independence, 1776.........This excerpt refers to rights that people — a) earn by demonstrating loyalty to their government b) receive by becoming citizens of a country c) have as a result of being human d) are granted after enlistment in the military 2) In 1787 the United States was at a crossroads. Farmers in western Massachusetts had rebelled the year before over property taxes. The state struggled to end the rebellion. Events such as this one contributed to the decision to — a) sign the Treaty of Paris b) repeal the Intolerable Acts c) declare an embargo on imported goods d) restructure the federal government 3) BERWYN, Pennsylvania: A new mosque recently opened in this . . . suburb of Philadelphia. . . . [The] leaders . . . did not seek publicity for the happy occasion, only continued peace with their neighbors: a Jewish synagogue next door and Baptist church across the street. —Kathy Matheson, Associated Press, September 10, 2010........ This event best demonstrates which feature of the American way of life? a) The First Amendment guarantees personal freedoms. b) The Declaration of Independence asserts the principle of popular sovereignty. c) The U.S. Constitution establishes the structure o f the federal government. d) The Fifth Amendment protects the rights of the accused. 4) The powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the States, are reserved to the States respectively, or to the people. —Tenth Amendment, U.S. Constitution 26 Which principle of U.S. government is most clearly reflected in the amendment above? a) Checks and balances b) Federalism c) Separation of powers d) Due process 5) After the end of the Revolutionary War, states were eager to expand into newly available territory. The states of New York, Connecticut, Massachusetts, and Virginia argued over competing claims to land west of the Appalachian Mountains. This conflict was addressed by the — a) Missouri Compromise b) Wilmot Proviso c) Northwest Ordinance d) Kansas-Nebraska Act 6) Which of the following should replace the question mark in this diagram? a) Direct democracy b) Great Compromise c) Checks and balances d) Missouri Compromise 7) • Intolerable Acts imposed • First Continental Congress convened • Thomas Paine’s Common Sense published 2 All the events listed above occurred during — a) the era of westward expansion b) the Era of Good Feelings c) the Revolutionary era d) the Jacksonian era 8) Which event occurred as a result of General Cornwallis’s surrender at the Battle of Yorktown? a) France recognized American independence and declared war against Great Britain. b) The Second Continental Congress agreed to the Articles of Confederation. c) Great Britain and the United States signed the Treaty of Paris. d) The Second Continental Congress sent the Olive Branch Petition to King George III. 9) Which grievance from the Declaration of Independence is addressed by the Sixth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution? a) “He has dissolved Representative Houses repeatedly.” b) “For depriving us in many cases, of the benefits of Trial by Jury . . .” c) “He has obstructed the... Laws for establishing Judiciary powers.” d) “For Quartering large bodies of armed troops among 10) According to the Northwest Ordinance, which condition did a U.S. territory have to meet in order to apply for statehood? a) Have a population of sixty thousand free settlers b) Hold a vote on whether to become a free or slave territory c) Establish one public school per district d) Have a territorial governor appointed by the president 11) Which phrase best represents the U.S. principle of republicanism? a) The creation of a Congress to carry out the will of the people b) The establishment of courts to interpret laws and government actions c) The division of power between a federal government and state governments d) The power of a court to declare a law unconstitutional 12) The Articles of Confederation allowed each state only one vote in Congress. Which question reflects a major concern states had about this arrangement? a) Should states attempt to resolve conflicting claims to territory? b) Should states change their procedure for selecting representatives? c) Should unanimous state approval for national laws be required? d) Should more populous states receive greater representation? 13) Which headline provides the best example of a First Amendment guarantee in action? a) “Religious University Forced to Close by State” b) “Mormons Hold State Convention Downtown” c) “Congress Declares a National Day of Remembrance” d) “Protesters Arrested at Antiwar Rally” 14) The Northwest Ordinance is considered a historical milestone because it — a) more than doubled the size of the United States b) established a method for admitting new states to the Union c) encouraged state legislatures to ratify the Constitution d) proposed treaties with American Indians to allow the peaceful settlement of new territories 15) From 1690 to 1760, Parliament and the king of England allowed colonists in America to exercise a great deal of control over local and regional matters. Historians have described this practice as “salutary neglect.” Which of the following happened as a direct result of this policy? a) The colonies developed a strong tradition of self-government. b) Many proprietary colonies were converted to royal colonies. c) The colonies refused to participate in a system of common defense. d) Many colonies sought economic aid from other countries. 16) Unalienable Rights • Life • Liberty • Pursuit of happiness................The rights listed were — a) established by a series of Supreme Court decisions b) defined by Thomas Jefferson in the Declaration of Independence c) established by the ratification of the U.S. Constitution d) defined by President George Washington in his Farewell Address 17) With which of the following arguments would the authors of The Federalist Papers most likely have agreed? a) A bill of rights should be included in the Constitution before it is ratified. b) Having a stronger central government will make the country more stable and prosperous. c) The Three-Fifths Compromise will result in fair and equal representation. d) Universal suffrage should be constitutionally guaranteed. 18) Why did the Anti-Federalists demand that a bill of rights be added to the U.S. Constitution? a) To strengthen the authority of the federal government b) To improve the organization of the judiciary c) To give each state an equal amount of power d) To protect individual freedoms from the federal government 19) Which law would be considered unconstitutional on the basis of First Amendment guarantees? a) A ban on the publication of classified information by government employees b) A requirement that church employees pay income tax c) A requirement that churches get a permit before building a new chapel d) A prohibition on electing religious leaders to government office 20) Why was this congressional structure created by the framers of the Constitution? a) To follow the plan outlined in the Articles of Confederation b) To reach a compromise between large and small states c) To reach a compromise between slave states and non-slave states d) To implement the outcome of a popular vote 21) Bills of rights . . . are not only unnecessary in the proposed Constitution, but would even be dangerous. a) Minutemen b) Loyalists c) Federalists d) Patriots 22) The _______ established a government ..., outlined the process for admitting a new state to the Union, and guaranteed that newly created states would be equal to the original thirteen states. Considered one of the most important legislative acts of the Confederation Congress, the_______also protected civil liberties and outlawed slavery in the new territories. —“Primary Documents in American History, ” Library of Congress, www.loc.gov (accessed May 2, 2014) Which document completes this excerpt? a) Declaration of Independence b) Treaty of Ghent c) Northwest Ordinance d) Louisiana Purchase Treaty 23) The British government issued the Proclamation of 1763 to limit the area British colonists were allowed to settle. Which geographic feature did the British use as the boundary of approved settlement? a) Lake Michigan b) Gulf of Mexico c) Mississippi River d) Appalachian Mountains 24) Articles of Confederation • Did not grant a federal power to tax or regulate commerce • Did not establish a common currency • Did not establish an executive or judicial branch What does this list suggest about the drafters of the Articles of Confederation? a) They feared that a strong central government would abuse its power. b) They did not want a judicial system based upon that of Great Britain. c) They were uncertain that democracy would continue to be the best type of government. d) They did not think that state governments could provide for the general welfare. 25) Speaker 1: A strong central government will provide order and stability. Speaker 2: We have just left the control of one tyrant; let us avoid an American tyrant. Speaker 3: The strength of our union lies in the independence of our states. Speaker 4: We were led into a war by a minority who desired independence. Which speaker is in favor of ratifying the Constitution? a) Speaker 1 b) Speaker 2 c) Speaker 3 d) Speaker 4 26) Which excerpt from the U.S. Constitution best illustrates the principle of popular sovereignty? a) “Each House shall be the Judge of the Elections, Returns and Qualifications of its own Members....” b) “The House of Representatives shall be composed of Members chosen every second Year by the People of the several States....” c) “The Senate shall chuse their other Officers, and also a President pro tempore....” d) “The Times, Places and Manner of holding Elections for Senators and Representatives, shall be prescribed in each State by the Legislature thereof.” 27) • Unreasonable searches and seizures are illegal. • Search warrants may not be issued without probable cause. • The place to be searched and the people or items to be seized must be described in a warrant. Which amendment provides for the protections described in this list? a) First Amendment b) Fifth Amendment c) Fourth Amendment d) Tenth Amendment 28) Strengths • Ability to declare war • Ability to make treaties • Authority to operate post offices. Which document was the focus of this presentation? a) The Mayflower Compact b) The Articles of Confederation c) The Virginia Declaration of Rights d) The Declaration of Independence 29) The Northwest Ordinance established guidelines for the orderly expansion of the United States by instituting a — a) method to purchase territory from foreign powers b) procedure for military takeovers of existing countries c) process through which states could be added to the Union d) compromise line that prohibited slavery in the West 30) A certain small town has many choices for people who want to attend religious services, including two churches, a synagogue, a cathedral, a mosque, and a temple. These choices are protected by the — a) First Amendment b) Third Amendment c) Sixth Amendment d) Eighth Amendment 31) And excessive bail hath been required of persons committed in criminal cases to elude the benefit of the laws made for the liberty of the subjects; And excessive fines have been imposed; And illegal and cruel punishments inflicted . . . —English Bill of Rights, 1689 Which U .S. document guarantees protection against these injustices? a) The Mayflower Compact b) The Articles of Confederation c) The Declaration of Independence d) The Constitution 32) Be it enacted by the General Assembly, That no man shall be compelled to frequent or support any religious worship, place, or ministry whatsoever, nor shall . . . otherwise suffer on account of his religious opinions or belief; but that all men shall be free to profess, and by argument to maintain, their opinion in matters of religion. . . . —The Virginia Statute for Religious Freedom Which document w as most influenced by this statute? a) The Articles of Confederation b) The Bill of Rights c) The Fundamental Orders of Connecticut d) The Declaration of Independence 33) Which of the following correctly describes the Three-Fifths Compromise? a) A federal law enforcing the return of fugitive slaves was passed. b) The census bureau was established to help apportion representation. c) A portion of the slave population was counted for legislative representation. d) The election of senators was delegated to state legislatures. 34) The President . . . shall have Power, by and with the Advice and Consent of the Senate, to make Treaties, provided two thirds of the Senators present concur. —U.S. Constitution, Article II, Section 2 This excerpt provides one example of which constitutional principle? a) Checks and balances b) Federalism c) Popular sovereignty d) Individual rights 35) Congress Debates and revises the document. • Congress officially approves the document. ~~~June • The Continental Congress appoints a committee to prepare a document. • The committee selects Thomas Jefferson to compose a draft. • The draft is reviewed and revised by the committee. This sequence of events resulted in the adoption of the — a) Articles of Confederation b) Bill of Rights c) Declaration of Independence d) Treaty of Paris 36) In the debate over the ratification of the U.S. Constitution, which point would have been made by a Federalist? a) “The existing national government lacks the ability to add new states to the union.” b) “The states are in danger of losing the ability to raise revenue.” c) “The states are unable to protect the rights of the people.” d) “The existing national government lacks the power to perform essential functions.” 37) Your President may easily become king. Your Senate is so imperfectly constructed that your dearest rights may be sacrificed by what may be a small minority. . . . Your strongholds will be in the hands of your enemies. . . . —Patrick Henry, speech at the Virginia Ratifying Convention, 1788 Patrick Henry was criticizing which aspect of the Constitution in this excerpt? a) The eligibility requirements for congressional office b) The power granted to the central government c) The establishment of a separate judicial branch d) The difficulty of the amendment 38) That if any person shall write . . . any false, scandalous and malicious . . . writings against the government of the United States, or . . . stir up sedition within the United States . . . then such person . . . shall be punished by a fine not exceeding two thousand dollars, and by imprisonment not exceeding two years. —An Act of the Fifth Congress of the United States, 1798 Which constitutional guarantee did this act violate? a) Freedom of assembly b) The right to due process c) Freedom of the press d) The right to a jury trial 39) During the Constitutional Convention of 1787, George Mason argued — a) against increased power for the national government b) for the dissolution of state governments c) against the passage of a bill of rights d) for the creation of a strong executive branch 40) The Northwest Ordinance established guidelines for the orderly expansion of the United States by instituting a — a) method to purchase territory from foreign powers b) procedure for military takeovers of existing countries c) process through which states could be added to the Union d) compromise line that prohibited slavery in the West 41) Strengths • Ability to declare war • Ability to make treaties • Authority to operate post offices Which document was the focus of this presentation? a) The Mayflower Compact b) The Articles of Confederation c) The Virginia Declaration of Rights d) The Declaration of Independence 42) • Unreasonable searches and seizures are illegal. • Search warrants may not be issued without probable cause. • The place to be searched and the people or items to be seized must be described in a warrant. Which amendment provides for the protections described in this list? a) First Amendment b) Fifth Amendment c) Tenth Amendment d) Fourth Amendment 43) Which excerpt from the U.S. Constitution best illustrates the principle of popular sovereignty? a) “The House of Representatives shall be composed of Members chosen every second Year by the People of the several States....” b) “Each House shall be the Judge of the Elections, Returns and Qualifications of its own Members....” c) “The Senate shall chuse their other Officers, and also a President pro tempore....” d) “The Times, Places and Manner of holding Elections for Senators and Representatives, shall be prescribed in each State by the Legislature thereof.” 44) No free man shall be seized or imprisoned, or stripped of his rights or possessions, or outlawed or exiled, or deprived of his standing in any other way, nor will we proceed with force against him, or send others to do so, except by the lawful judgement of his equals or by the law of the land. —Magna Carta, 1215 Which political idea was influenced by this provision of the Magna Carta? a) Federalism b) Due process c) A bicameral legislature d) The social contract 45) Which of these is a guarantee in the First Amendment? a) States have the power to regulate public education. b) People can choose whether and how to participate in religious services. c) Persons accused of a crime are presumed innocent until proven guilty. d) Citizens have the right to be judged by a jury of their peers. 46) All legislative Powers herein granted shall be vested in a Congress of the United States.... —U.S. Constitution, Article I, Section 1 This provision is a response to which grievance from the Declaration of Independence? a) “For abolishing the free System of English Laws in a neighbouring Province, establishing therein an Arbitrary government...” b) “He has called together legislative bodies at places unusual, uncomfortable, and distant from the depository of their public Records.” c) “For suspending our own Legislatures, and declaring themselves invested with power to legislate for us in all cases whatsoever...” d) “He has endeavoured to prevent the population of these States; for that purpose obstructing the Laws for Naturalization of Foreigners.” 47) • Life • Liberty • Pursuit of happiness This list includes rights that are considered — a) transferable b) inherited c) legislated d) unalienable 48) Eighth Amendment~~~~~1. Excessive fines cannot be imposed.~~~2. Excessive bail cannot be required.~~~3. _______?_____.........Which sentence completes this list?. a) Cruel and unusual punishment cannot be inflicted. b) People cannot be forced to be witnesses against themselves. c) Warrants cannot be issued unless probable cause is established. d) A defendant cannot be denied a speedy and public trial. 49) Which argument would a Federalist make to support ratification of the Constitution? a) The Constitution will enable states to nullify laws that are harmful to citizens. b) A strong federal government will be more stable than a loose confederation of states. c) The Constitution will allow states to establish banks to stabilize the national economy. d) A republican system of government will better represent large states. 50) John Hancock was one of the Founding Fathers committed to liberty. How did he demonstrate this commitment? a) By writing the Articles of Confederation b) By organizing Committees of Correspondence c) By signing the Declaration of Independence d) By serving as commander in chief of the Continental army 51) • Passing laws to aid a religious institution • Requiring individuals to attend religious services • Punishing individuals for their religious beliefs • Levying taxes to support religious institutions Which amendment prohibits federal and state governments from carrying out these actions? a) The First Amendment b) The Second Amendment c) The Fifth Amendment d) The Tenth Amendment 52) In the... republic of America, the power surrendered by the people is first divided between two distinct governments, and then the portion allotted to each subdivided among distinct and separate departments. Hence a double security arises to the rights of the people. The different governments will control each other, at the same time that each will be controlled by itself. —Federalist No. 51 What assurance did this argument give to those who opposed ratifying the Constitution? a) The amendment process would allow state governments to nullify federal law. b) Making the federal government superior to state governments would ensure greater stability. c) Giving greater power to the federal government would allow it to assist states in times of crisis. d) The rights of citizens would be better protected by having both federal and state levels of government. 53) Why was it difficult for Congress to fulfill its duties under the Articles of Confederation? a) Any congressional action required executive approval. b) Congress lacked the power to declare war. c) Most congressional decisions required the approval of at least nine states, some required approval of all 13 states. d) Congress lacked the power to regulate foreign trade.

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