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Cell - the basic units of structure and function in living things; form the parts of an organism and carry out all of an organism’s functions, Organelles - tiny cell structures that carry out functions within the cell; “Little Organs”, Plant Cell - the smallest unit in a plant; has a cell wall and chloroplasts, Animal Cell - the smallest unit in an animal; does not have a cell wall or chloroplasts, Nucleus - control center of the cell; holds the genetic material (DNA), Plasmid - circular ring of DNA found in prokaryotic cells, Plasma Membrane - semipermeable bi-layer around all cells; maintains homeostasis., Cell Wall - found in plant and bacteria cells; made of cellulose and gives structure to the cell., Mitochondria - organelles that make energy; performs cellular respiration., Vacuole - storage for water and wastes in the cell; larger in plant cells, Chloroplast - only in plant cells; performs photosynthesis., Ribosome - site of protein synthesis, Eukaryote - a cell containing a true nucleus and organelles., Prokaryote - a cell that does not have a true nucleus or organelles., Membrane Bound - organelles that are surrounded by a bi-layered membrane (mitochondria, nucleus, vacuole, and chloroplasts); are not present in prokaryotes., Microscope - an optical instrument used for viewing very small objects; used to reveal greater detail about eukaryotic and prokaryotic cell differences., Total Power Magnification - calculated by taking the power of the objective on the microscope (4x, 10x, 40x) and multiplying by the power of the eyepiece, usually 10x, Cell Specialization - occurs when stem cells read genes of DNA to become cells with specific shapes and functions., Cell Differentiation - the process in which a cell changes from one cell type to another, Stem Cell - unspecialized cells that can become any type of cell., Nerve Cell - makes up the nervous system and sends chemical/electrical signals that allow for cell communication., Muscle Cell - can contract and expand. Has many mitochondria for extra energy production., Red Blood Cell - carries oxygen through the body using the protein hemoglobin., Egg Cell - female reproductive cell, Sperm Cell - male reproductive cell, Chemical Signal - may be released by one cell to influence the development and activity of another cell., Unicellular - consisting of a single cell, Multicellular - consisting of many cells, Eu- - true, -kary- - nucleus, Pro- - before, Uni- - one, Multi- - many, Micro- - small, -scop - look, Chlor- - green,

Unit 2 - Cells

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