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Background / Context: Mussolini was to reconstruct the 'Roman Empire', Italian economy suffering due to depression, Right the injustice of Versailles re colonies, Italians / Abyssinians 'clash' at Wal-Wal, Long term tensions - Italian defeat 1896 (Adowa), 150-200 deaths , Italian fort / garrison stationed at Wal Wal, December 1934, Mussolini - became Italian leader 1922, League ruling over Wal Wal inconclusive, Invasion: January to October - Italy prepares for an invasion, Italian army c. 400,000, Modern weaponry including 600 airplanes, Abyssinian army - large but ill--equipped, Ariel bombing of villages / civilians, Extensive use of poisonous gas, Two-pronged attacked from Eritrea and Italian Somaliland, Addis Ababa (capital) fell May 1936, 3 October 1935, Mussolini uses Wal Wal as a pretext for invasion, League's response / Outcomes: League quickly condemned Italy's invasion, Sanctions were imposed - on arms sales, rubber, metals, Behind scenes 'proposal' between Britain and France, British and French foreign ministers, Hoare-Laval proposal, Italy to receive 2/3rds of Abyssinia, Suez canal remained open, Oil not sanctioned, Plan caused outrage - ministers sacked, Collective Security a failure!,

Italian invasion of Abyssinia

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