Prokaryote - Organism that lacks a nucleus and membrane bound organelle, Eukaryote - Organism that contains a nucleus and membrane bound organelles, Nucleus - Organelle where the genetic material is located, Organelle - A structure within the cell that has a specific function, Cell Membrane - Cell part that surrounds the cytoplasm, is a barrier between the inside and the outside, and regulates whatever enters and leaves the cell to maintain homeostasis, Active Transport - The movement of a substance across the membrane that requires the use of energy; moves against the concentration gradient, Passive Transport - The movement of a substance across the mambrane that does not requires energy; moves with the gradient, Osmosis - The movement of solute (water) across a semipermeable membrane from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration, Homeostasis - The tendency for a system to maintain relatively constant internal conditions; balance, Hypertonic - Causes a cell to shrink, Hypotonic - Causes a cell to swell (expand), Isotonic - Normal condition of a cell, Capsid - The protein shell of a virus particle that surrounds its nucleic acid (DNA or RNA), Lytic - Viral reproduction resulting in the lysis (splitting) of the host cell and the production of more virus particles manufactured by the host cell, Lysogenic - Viral reproduction resulting in viral genetic meterial being integrated into the host cell's genetic material, Glycoprotein - Proteins found on the surface of viruses that allow them to attach to the host cells, Synthesis Phase - DNA replication takes place in this phase, Mitosis - A phase of the cell cycle in which nuclear division occurs , Cytokinesis - The phase of the cell cycle in which the plasma membrane begins to cleave the cytoplasm into two separate but identical cells, Prophase - The first phase of mitosis in which chromosomes condense, becoming visible; the nuclear membrane dissolves; and the spindle fibers form, Metaphase - The phase of mitosis in which spindle fibers attach to the centromeres of the sister chromatids (chromosomes) and migrate to the center of the cell, Anaphase - The phase of mitosis in which spindle fibers begin to shorten, separating sister chromatids and pulling them to opposite ends of the cell, Telophase - The phase of mitosis in which the genetic material has been separated and the nuclear membrane begins to reform to create two separate but identical nuclei, Semipermeable - Allowing only some materials to pass through a membrane, Diffusion - The movement of particles from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration; does not require energy,

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