1) Ice-cream is a delicious frozen treat that comes in a many different colors and flavors. Two of my favorite flavors are strawberry and chocolate. Though both of these flavors are delicious, strawberry may contain pieces of fruit while chocolate usually will not. Even though more chocolate ice-cream is sold across the country annually than strawberry, each flavor tastes great inside of a milk shake. a) compare and contrast  b) problem and solution  c) chronological  d) sequential  e) cause and effect  f) description  2) Freezer burn may have wasted more ice-cream than sidewalks. If you don’t know, freezer burn is when ice crystals form on the surface of ice-cream. These ice crystals can ruin the texture and flavor of the ice cream. But you can prevent freezer burn. Since freezer burn is caused when melted ice-cream is refrozen, rather than eating your ice-cream from the container as it melts, scoop your ice-cream into a bowl and put the container back in the fridge immediately. Doing this ought to help you solve your issues with freezer burn. a) compare and contrast b) problem and solution c) chronological d) sequential e) cause and effect f) description 3) The authors explain how things happen in order. What text structure is this? a) compare and contrast b) problem and solution c) chronological d) none of the choices e) cause and effect f) description 4) Suppose an author wanted to explain how these two birds are similar and different. What text structure is this? a) compare and contrast b) problem and solution c) chronological d) sequential e) cause and effect f) description 5) Suppose an author wanted to set up a problem and it's the solution. What text structure is that? a) compare and contrast b) problem and solution c) chronological d) sequential e) cause and effect f) description 6) Suppose the author gave you a reason/explanation for happening. What text structure is it? a) compare and contrast b) problem and solution c) chronological d) sequential e) cause and effect f) description 7) Have you ever had an ice-cream headache? That's when a painful sensation resonates in your head after eating something cold (usually ice cream) on a hot day. This pain is produced by the dilation of a nerve center in the roof of your mouth. The nerve is overacting to the cold by trying to heat your brain. Ice-Cream headaches have turned many similes to frowns.   a) compare and contrast b) problem and solution c) chronological d) sequential e) cause and effect f) description 8) One time my mom and I made ice-cream. We added sugar and cream into a big glass bowl.  We added sugar and cream into a big bowl. We kept it frozen in the middle of a bigger glass bowl. While it froze, I stirred the mixture with a hand mixer. It was the first time that I had used one and it splattered ice-cream mixture all over the kitchen. The rest of the mixture finally froze, so we ate some ice cream, and then put the remaining portions in the freezer so that it wouldn't get freezer burned. That was a good day.   a) compare and contrast b) problem and solution c) chronological d) sequential e) cause and effect f) description 9) Though toads are still around, they no longer are as common in some areas as they were a few decades ago. The growing use of insecticides has reduced their numbers. The chemical sprays usually do not harm toads, but cut down the animals’ food supply. Thereby, the toads do not have enough food to survive. There are fewer toads in many areas populated by humans. a) compare and contrast b) problem and solution c) chronological d) sequential e) cause and effect f) description 10) A lot of students have been failing classes. These students wouldn’t be failing classes if they studied more, asked questions, tried harder, and came in for extra help. Even though a lot of students fail classes, they have many options if they want to pass. a) compare and contrast b) problem and solution c) chronological d) sequential e) cause and effect f) description 11) There are two popular sports played at Ericson, basketball and volleyball. Both take place inside of the gym at Ericson. Also, each sport has two teams of people. In basketball, however, the ball can be played off of the floor, and in volleyball, the ball cannot touch the floor or it is out of play. Basketball and volleyball are popular sports at Ericson. a) compare and contrast b) problem and solution c) chronological d) sequential e) cause and effect f) description 12) When Tim woke up, he didn’t want to go to school. His mom took him anyway. So, he went to school, but he didn’t do any work. The days passed, and Tim still didn’t do any work. Mr. Morton called Tim’s house, but Tim still wouldn’t do any work. Finally the report cards came out, and Tim failed his classes. Tim was sad. a) compare and contrast b) problem and solution c) chronological d) none on the list  e) cause and effect f) description 13) The main idea of an informational essay. Most of the time is near the beginning. a) is a Pertinent example b) Is introduced in the Conclusion c) none on list  d) all of the list  e) is the Supporting evidence f) is the Thesis  14) Relevant details from the text that an author includes to support his or her ideas and opinions is also known as ... a) a Pertinent example b) Is introduced in the Conclusion c) none on list d) all of these apply e) is supporting evidence f) is the thesis 15) A situation that is related and shows that what is being demonstrated is true is known as... a) a Pertinent example b) a mistake c) is the thesis d) all of these apply e) none of these apply f) is just evidence 16) What presents readers with information or ideas about real people, places, things, and events. a) Informational Text b) short stories c) poems d) dramas e) none of these apply f) all of these apply 17) Which statement about Austin Jenkins is best supported by the passage below (paragraph 9)?"He's singing to you, not at you," says Jenkins, who co-produced Coming Home with fellow White Denim partner Joshua Block, recording live on all-analog gear, including a soundboard once owned by The Grateful Dead. "He listened to Texas blues, gospel and R&B, and filtered it through himself. It's authentic and direct." a) Jenkins helped Bridges launch his career. b) Jenkins is extremely jealous of Bridges. c) Jenkins is also a soul musician. d) Jenkins used to tour with The Grateful Dead. 18) Based on this profile, with which of the following statements do you think Leon Bridges would most likely agree? a) You can never predict the direction in which life will take you. b) Luck has nothing to do with whether or not a person finds success. c) Soul is only genre of music worth listening to. d) Everybody can achieve their dreams if they work hard enough. e) none apply f) all apply  19) The final paragraph adds to the development of the text mainly by showing________."I don't like to write flashy soul songs," says Bridges. "I'm writing from the heart, stories about family and truth. I just want people to see a genuine person." a) that Bridges has always wanted to be famous b) that Bridges’ main priority with his songs is whether they’ll become a big hit with his audiences c) that Bridges thinks pop stars are sell-outs d) that Bridges is most concerned with the authenticity and emotions evoked by his songs e) none apply f) all apply 20) The following passage (paragraph 7) adds to the development of the text mainly by showing _____. At a nearby community college, Bridges studied dance, inspired by seeing his dad moonwalk as a kid, he says. He picked up singing and guitar as a hobby at first, and eventually began playing at open mics and small shows. His sound evolved from neo-soul, to folky R&B to traditional soul with horn — ideal for the last slow dance of the night. "A friend asked if Sam Cooke was an inspiration. I'd never listened, but I wanted to know my roots, so I looked him up on YouTube and Pandora," says Bridges. "Once I heard it, I saw it — that was the music that I wanted to write." a) that Bridges enjoyed slow-dancing b) why Bridges preferred playing guitar c) the origins of Bridges’ love of soul music d) how difficult it is to be discovered at open mics and small shows e) none apply f) all apply

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