Continuous Feedback - Games tell you right away how you're doing. They tell you if your answer or strategy is wrong or right. Unlike with an essay that needs to be graded, when you play a game, you find out how you're doing immediately., Embrace Failure - Games give students a safe space where it's okay to fail. In games, failing can be a useful way to learn so that you can achieve your goal next time. In contrast, high-stakes tests present failing as a worst-case scenario., Inquisitiveness - Gamers are curious and ask questions to learn more about the game they're playing. The more they ask questions, the better they understand the game and the more they succeed.  , Just-in-Time Learning - In schools, learning usually happens before an activity (test, project, etc.), which assesses students' understanding. In games, content is presented together with the activity so that players learn as they play, not before they play., Growth Mindset - Games encourage us to see that intelligence and talent can be developed through dedication and hard work. Gamers believe they can conquer a challenge by putting in time to develop their skills. , Flow - While playing, a gamer is completely absorbed in an enjoyable experience. Games should provide the right amount of challenge based on the player's ability level to keep the player in this state., Play - Games teach us to seek out and appreciate play. Playful discovery is a powerful way to understand new environments or situations., Social Connection Motivation - Games are a good opportunity to create relationships between players., Purpose Motivation - Games give players a sense of working towards a larger goal that gives meaning to players' actions.  , Autonomy Motivation - Games can give players opportunities to decide for themselves what they want to learn. Games can help learners become more self-directed by providing multiple areas for them to explore., Mastery Motivation - Games give players a sense of achievement when they've learned a new skill or succeeded in a task.,

Principles of Game-Based Learning

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