Gamete - A cell that contains half the total number of chromosomes for an organism; sex cell, Dominant - Inherited characteristic that is always expressed when present, Recessive - Inherited characteristic that is expressed only when no other character is present, Genotype - The actual allele combination of a gene, Phenotype - The physical appearance of an organism, Heterozygous - Gene combination in which an individual possesses two different forms of an allele, Homozygous - Gene combination in which an individual possesses two identical allele, Allele - Different version of the same gene, Transcription - Process in which a strand of DNA is copied into an RNA strand for the purpose of protein synthesis, Translation - Process in which a strand of mRNA is read by the ribosome and amino acids are attached in a particular sequence to form proteins, Codon - Three adjacent nitrogen bases of mRNA that code for an amino acid, Substitution - A mutation in which one base pair in the DNA sequence is replaced by another base pair, Insertion - Addition of one or more nucleotide base pairs into a DNA sequence, Deletion - Mutation a part of a sequence of DNA is missing/removed, Differentiation - Process through which a cell develops and specializes to perform a certain function, Gene Expression - Process by which information from a gene is used to make proteins, Gene - Segment of DNA that encodes a protein or functional RNA, Nucleotide - A molecule made up of a sugar, a phosphate, and a nitrogenous base, Double Helix - The shape of DNA; also known as a twisted ladder, Trait - A distinct characteristic of an organism, Chromosome - A single or circular piece of DNA that contains some or all of an organism's genes, Complementary - Describes how nitrogen bases pair with only one other nitrogen base, Thymine - A base that pairs with adenine and is found only in DNA, Guanine - A base that pairs with cytosine, Adenine - A base that pairs with thymine, Cytosine - A base that pairs with guanine, Uracil - A base that pairs with adenine and is found only in RNA, Haploid - Single set or chromosomes in an organism's cells, Diploid - Having two sets of chromosomes, one from each parent,

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