Behavioural Categories: Using categories adds structure and objectivity, Researchers may not identify all categories needed for the observation, Problems creating clear measurable categories., Categorising behaviour loses context and meaning., Time consuming to training observers in categories, coding systems and checklists., Continuous Sampling: There can be too much data to record using this technique., Useful for unstructured observations looking for detail., Event Sampling: Tallies may give incomplete view of complex behaviour, Tallying frequency of behaviour is a systematic approach., Time Sampling: Sampling at time intervals can miss out infrequent behaviour, Behaviour observed at time intervals may be unrepresentative., Observing behaviour at given intervals reduces number of observations needed,

Evaluating Issues in Observational Design

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