Increasing temperature will ____ reaction rate because the particles have more ____ and will ____ more often. Increasing concentration will ____ reaction rate because there are more ____ and so more ____. Decreasing particle size increases ____. The ____ happen on the surface so more surface area means an ____ in reaction rate. A catalyst ____ reaction rate and is not ____ up by the reaction Average rate is the change in ____ of a reactant over ____. An ____ reaction transfers heat energy to the surroundings and the temperature ____. An ____ reaction takes heat energy from the surroundings and the temperature ____. Reaction rate ____ as the reaction proceeds because they reactants are used up and the ____ decreases. The atom consists of a ____ which contains ____ and ____. ____ orbit the nucleus in energy levels. The atom is neutral because the number of ____ ____ the number of ____. Elements within a ____ share the same ____ and have ____ chemical properties because they have the same number of ____ in their ____. Protons have a charge of ____, neutrons are ____ and electrons have a charge of ____. ____ and neutrons have an approximate mass of one atomic mass unit and ____, in comparison, have virtually no mass. The number of protons in an atom is given by the ____ number. The ____ number of an atom is equal to the number of ____ added to the number of neutrons Isotopes are defined as atoms with the same ____ but different ____, or as atoms with the same number of ____ but different numbers of neutrons. Covalent bonds form between ____ atoms. A covalent bond forms when two positive ____ are held together by their common attraction for a shared ____. Covalent ____ substances: have ____ covalent bonds ____ the molecules and only ____ attractions ____ the molecules  Covalent molecular Substances have ____ melting and boiling points as only ____ ____ between the molecules are broken when a substance changes state  Covalent molecular substances ____ conduct electricity because they do not have charged particles which are free to move. Covalent molecular substances which are ____ in water may dissolve in other solvents. Covalent network structures have a network of ____ covalent bonds within one giant structure. They have very ____ melting and boiling points because the network of strong covalent bonds is not easily broken. They ____ dissolve. In general, covalent network substances do not conduct electricity. This is because they do not have charged particles which are free to move. ____ are formed when atoms lose or gain electrons to obtain the stable electron arrangement of a ____ gas. In general, ____ atoms lose electrons forming ____ ions and ____ atoms gain electrons forming ____ ions. Ionic bonds are the electrostatic attraction between ____ and negative ____. They have ____ melting and boiling points because ____ ionic bonds must be broken in order to break up the lattice structure. Ionic compounds conduct electricity only when ____ or in ____ as the lattice structure breaks up allowing the ions to be free to move. Conduction in ionic compounds can be explained by the movement of ____ towards ____ charged electrodes. Most compounds with a name ending in ‘-____’ contain the two elements indicated. The ending ‘-____’ or ‘-ate’ indicates that ____ is also present. The chemical formula of a covalent ____ substance gives the number of each type of ____ present in a molecule. The formula of a covalent ____ gives the simplest ____ of each type of atom in the substance. Ionic formulae give the simplest ____ of each type of ion in the substance and can show the charges on each ____, if required. The pH scale is an indication of the ____ ion concentration and runs from ____ ____ to above ____. A neutral solution has ____ concentrations of H+(aq) and OHˉ(aq) ions. Water is ____ as it dissociates producing equal concentrations of hydrogen and hydroxide ions. At any time, only a few water molecules are dissociated into free ions. Acidic solutions have a higher concentration of H+(aq) ions than OHˉ(aq) and have a pH ____ 7. Alkaline solutions have a ____ concentration of OHˉ(aq) ions than H+(aq) ions and have a pH ____ 7. Dilution of an acidic solution with water will ____ the concentration of H+(aq) and the pH will ____ towards 7. Dilution of an alkaline solution with water will decrease the concentration of OHˉ(aq) and the pH will ____ towards 7. Soluble non-metal oxides dissolve in water forming ____ solutions. Soluble metal oxides dissolve in water to form ____ solutions: Metal oxides, metal hydroxides, metal carbonates and ammonia neutralise acids and are called ____. Those bases that dissolve in water form ____ solutions. A neutralisation reaction is one in which a base reacts with an acid to form ____. A ____ is also formed in this reaction. The name of the salt produced depends on the acid and base used. Hydrochloric acid produces ____, sulfuric acid produces ____ and nitric acid produces ____. Spectator ions are ions that remain ____ by the reaction. Titration can be used to produce a ____ salt. Once the volumes of acid and alkali have been noted, the reaction can be repeated ____ the ____ to produce an ____ salt solution. The solution can then be ____ to dryness. Insoluble metal carbonates and insoluble metal oxides can be used to produce ____ salts. Excess base is added to the appropriate acid, the mixture is ____ and the filtrate ____ to dryness.

unit 1 revision N5 chemistry

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