Non-pharma: Lamaze, childbirth education: breathing and relaxation, Imagery: use of focal points, changing positions, empty bladder, walking, pharmacological (analgesics): analgesics decrease pain, butorphanol (Stadol) IV push, nalpbuphine (Nubain), Naloxone (Narcan), demerol not used anymore, pharmacological (anesthetics): decrease sensation, epidural/spinal: Marcaine and Fentanyl, local for episiotomy: lidocaine or bupivicaine, general anesthesia for c/s emergency, pudendal: local anesthetic, epidural: bolus of fluid before, monitor BP q5m first hour, sit on side of bed, injected into epidural space, lidocaine first, catheter left in, takes 20-30 minutes, spinal: sit on side of bed (spinal), administered into spinal sac, works immediately,

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