behavioral - learn adaptive behaviors and extinguish problem behaviors using techniques such as exposure or aversion therapies or token economies , cognitive - train clients to dispute negative or irrational thoughts and attributions, humanistic - therapist fosters client’s insight and growth through acceptance, genuineness, and empathy, psychodynamic - reduce anxiety resulting from unresolved unconscious conflicts that originate in childhood by interpreting patient's thoughts, feelings, memories, and dreams, cognitive-behavioral - train people to counter harmful thoughts and to act out new ways of behaving through techniques such as role-playing and relaxation exercises, sociocultural - religious and other cultural beliefs and the environment are taken into account during the diagnostic and therapeutic processes, biological - restore healthy physiological state; control symptoms through lifestyle changes (exercise, nutrition, sleep), medication, brain stimulation (such as electroconvulsive therapy, or ECT), eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR), light exposure ,

8.8 Treatment Orientations

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