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1) What enzyme do retroviruses use to make DNA copies of RNA a) Reverse Transcriptase b) ATP synthase c) RNA polymerase d) DNA polymerase 2) What is the purpose of the spikes on enveloped viruses? a) Adsorption b) Absorption c) Reabsorption d) Readsorption 3) Which of the following leads to the destruction of host cells? a) Lysogenic cycle b) Lytic cycle c) Prophage d) Temperate phage 4) What is not a feature of viruses? a) They are intracellular obligate parasites b) They marshal the host cell’s structures to reproduce c) They have the ability to infect any type of host and cell d) They are acellular pathogens 5) What is the process called where a bacteriophage picks up a portion of bacterial DNA from the host cell, thereby incorporating the DNA into a new bacterium? a) Specialized transduction b) Lysogenic Cycle c) Lytic Cycle d) Horizontal gene transfer 6) The definition of lysogeny: a) The Phage DNA is incorporated into host cell DNA b) Lysis of the host cell due to a phage c) The period during replication where viruses are not present d) Attachment of a phage to a cell 7) What is the mode of viral transmission where an arthropod carries a viral pathogen outside of its body and transmits it through physical contact? a) Biological Transmission b) Mechanical Transmission c) Direct Contact d) Indirect Contact 8) A ___ has both lytic and lysogenic cycles a) Provirus b) Prophage c) Virulent Virus d) Temperate Bacteriophage 9) RNA viruses that replicate in the biosynthesis phase are located in: a) Cell Wall b) Plasma Membrane c) Cytoplasm d) Nucleus 10) By which process does the virus releases its viral genome into the bacteria a) Osmosis b) Endocytosis c) Mechanical transmission d) Biological Transmission 11) What is the protective protein that is in direct contact with the external environment of the first line of defense? a) Keratin b) Sebum c) Globulin d) Skin 12) Which of the following serves as chemical signals between cells and stimulate signals between cells and stimulate a wide range of nonspecific defense? a) Cytokines b) antimicrobial peptides c) Complement proteins d) Chemokines 13) Which of the following is classified as an agranulocyte? a) Monocyte b) Neutrophil c) Eosinophil d) Basophil 14) What is opsonization? a) Creating a membrane attack complex (MAC) b) C3b coats the microbe's surface by “flagging” it for phagocytosis. c) Stimulated by complement proteins C3a and C5a d) Transmitting signals to nearby cells. 15) This comma-shaped WBC is a ____, and _____ a) Neutrophile; is phagocytic b) Eosinophil; releases histamine c) Basophil; releases histamine d) Eosinophil; is toxic against parasites 16) Monocytes differentiate into a) Macrophages b) Dendritic cells c) Lymphocytes d) Both A and B 17) What is the main function of a phagocyte? a) Stimulate immune response b) Stimulate inflammatory response c) Constrict the blood vessels d) Seek, ingest, and kill all pathogens 18) Histamine, leukotrienes, prostaglandins, and bradykinin are examples of which of the following? a) chemical mediators primarily found in the digestive system b) chemical mediators that promote inflammation c) antimicrobial peptides found on the skin d) complement proteins that form MACs 19) This type of cytokine is produced by cells infected by viruses and has antiviral activity a) Interferons b) Chemokines c) Interleukins d) Neutrophil 20) Which of the following is true about Natural Killer Cells a) Activated by the presence of MHC I on healthy cells b) Responsible for the production of cancer cells c) Attacks cells with a low expression of MHC I d) Detects injury to nearby cells and releases histamine, initiating the inflammatory response.

Biol 20 Exam 3 review

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