Carrying Capacity - The largest amount of people a region or country can support., Crude Birth Rate - The total number of live births in a year for every 1,000 people alive in the society, Crude Death Rate - The total number of deaths in a year for every 1,000 people alive in a society, Demographic Transition Model - The process of change in a society’s population from a condition of high crude birth and death rates and low rate of natural increase to a condition of low crude birth and death rates, low rate of natural increase, and higher total population, Dependency Ratio - The number of people under age 15 and over age 64 compared to the number of people active in the labor force, Doubling Time - The number of years needed to double a population, assuming a constant rate of natural increase, Ecumene - The portion of Earth’s surface occupied by permanent human settlement, Infant Mortality Rate - The total number of deaths in a year among infants under one year of age for every 1,000 births in a society, Life Expectancy - The average number of years an individual can be expected to live, given current social, economic, and medical conditions. Life expectancy at birth is the average number of years a newborn infant can expect to live., Overpopulation - A situation in which the number of people in an area exceeds the capacity of the environment to support life at a decent standard of living, Rate of Natural Increase (NIR) - The rate at which a population increases (birth rate minus the death rate), Sex Ratio - The number of males per 100 females in the population, Total Fertility Rate - The average number of children a woman will have throughout her childbearing years, Arithmetic Density - Total number of people divided by the total land area, Physiological Density - The number of people per unit of area of arable land, which is land suitable for agriculture, Agricultural Density - The number of farmers divided by the amount of arable land in a region, Zero Population Growth (ZPG) - A decline in the total fertility rate to the point where the natural increase rate equals zero., Brain Drain - When the best and brightest of a country leave for better opportunities abroad, Chain Migration - Migration of people to a specific location because relatives or members of the same nationality previously migrated there, Circulation (mobility) - Short-term, repetitive or cyclical movements that recur on a regular basis, Emigration - Migration from a place (especially migration from your native country in order to settle in another), Epidemiology - The branch of medical science concerned with the incidence, distribution and control of diseases that are prevalent among a population at a special time and are produced by some special causes not generally present in the affected locality, Epidemiological Transition - The process of change in the distinctive causes of death in each state of the demographic transition, Forced Migration - People removed from their countries and forced to live in other countries because of war, natural disaster, and government, Guest Workers - A common type of periodic movement involving millions of workers in the United States and tens of millions of workers worldwide who cross international borders in search of employment and become immigrants, in many instances, Immigration - Migration into a place (especially migration to a country of which you are not a native in order to settle there), Internal Migration - Human movement within a nation-state, such as ongoing westward and southward movements in the U.S, Internationally Displaced Person (IDP) - Individuals who are uprooted within the boundaries of their own country because of conflict or human rights abuse., Intervening Obstacle - An environmental or cultural feature of the landscape that hinders migration. A physical or mental factor that force individuals to halt and often abort their migration plans., Intervening Opportunity - The existence of a closer, less expensive opportunity for obtaining a good or service, or for a migration destination. These opportunities lessen the attractiveness of more distant place., Intraregional Migration - Permanent movement within one region of a country, Malthusian Theory - A theory concerning world population by an English economist, Thomas Malthus, who thought that the growing population is outrunning its own food supply and this would cause loss of life., Neo-Malthusian - A group who built on Malthus' theory and suggested that people wouldn't just starve for lack of food, but would have wars about food and other scarce resources, mainly in the LDC’s of the world., Net Migration - The difference between the number of immigrants and the number of emigrants, Population Pyramid - A bar graph that represents the distribution of population by age and sex, Push Factors - Factors/elements that make someone want to leave their country/area, Pull Factors - Factors/elements that attract people from one area to another, Refugee - People who are forced to migrate from their home country and cannot return for fear of persecution because of their race, religion, nationality, membership in a social group, or political opinion, Step Migration - Migration to a distant destination that occurs in stages, for example, from farm to nearby village and later to a town and city, Transhumance - A seasonal periodic movement of pastoralists and their livestock between highland and lowland, Voluntary Migration - Movement in which people relocate in response to perceived opportunity, not because they are forced to move, Diaspora - Involuntary mass dispersions of a population from its home territory., Megacity - A city with more than 20 million inhabitants, Metacity - A city with more than 10 million inhabitants,

AP Human Geography vocabs list Unit 2!!!

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