Hypo: Potassium: RISK - body fluid loss, Potassium: S/Sx - flat or inverted T wave, constipation, irritability, Potassium: Intervention - Give IV (never bolus) or oral , Sodium: Risk - SIADH, GI loss, NPO, SSRIs, Lithium, Sodium: S/Sx - Weakness, seizures, decreased BP / Increased HR, lethargy, Sodium: Intervention - Daily weight, hypertonic fluids (be aware of cerebral edema), Conivaptan, Calcium: Risk - hypoparathyroid, GI loss, alcohol use disorder, Calcium: S/Sx - tetany, trousseau's/chvostek's sign, hyperreflexia, Calcium: Intervention - Seizure precautions, IV Calcium, vitamin D, monitor for orthostatic hypotension, Magnesium: Risks - GI loss, TPN, low calcium or potassium, DKA, Magnesium: S/Sx - hyperreflexia, HTN, insomnia, dysrhythmias, Magnesium: Interventions - Seizure precautions, IV mad sulfate, UOP & RR monitoring, Phosphorus: Risks - Vit D deficiency, overuse of antacids, alkalosis, burns, Phosphorus: S/Sx - muscle weakness, chest pain, confusion, nystagmus, Phosphorus: Interventions - protect from infection, gradual addition to TPN or oral replacement, Potassium: 2.5 mEq/L, Sodium: 129 mEq/L, Calcium: 7.5 mg/dL, Magnesium: 0.9 mEq/L, Phosphorus: 2.3 mg/ dL, Chloride: 86 mEq/L, Hyper: Potassium: Risk - renal failure, acidosis, ace inhibitors, Potassium: S/Sx - Peaked T waves, Vent dysrhythmias, Muscle twitching / weakness, Potassium: Intervention - Dialysis, D50 + insulin IV, Calcium gluconate, Bicarb, Sodium: Risks - hyperaldosteronism, DI, kidney failure, corticosteriods, Sodium: S/Sx - fever, swollen tongue, pulmonary edema, irritability --> seizures, , Sodium: Interventions - Hypotonic IVF, increased oral intake, Seizure precautions, daily weight, Calcium: Risk - Hyperparathyroidism, increased Vit D, digoxin toxicity, Calcium: S/Sx - flank pain, muscle weakness, polyuria, polydipsia, lethargy, Calcium: Intervention - Increase mobility, dialysis, furosemide, calcitonin, Magnesium: Risks - Renal failure, laxative overuse, adrenal insufficiency, Magnesium: S/Sx - hypotension, drowsiness, cardiac arrest, hyporeflexia, Magnesium: Interventions - Mechanical ventilation, deep tendon reflexes, IV calcium gluconate, Loop diuretics, Phosphorus: Risks - Renal failure, chemo, too much Vit D, acute pancreatitis, Phosphorus: S/Sx - tetany, paresthesias, anorexia, hyperreflexia, Phosphorus: Interventions - IV NS, dialysis, diet changes, Potassium: 5.9 mEq/L, Sodium: 159 mEq/L, Calcium: 11.4 mg/dL, Magnesium: 3.2 mEq/L, Phosphorus: 2.3 mg/ dL, Chloride: 120 mEq/L,

Electrolyte Review

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