SCLEROTHERAPY - Injection of a sclerosing (scarring) agent into the swollen varix, ENDOSCOPIC LIGATION - Small rubber band is placed around the base of the varix to control or ligate the bleeding, BALLOON TAMPONADE - Mechanical compression of bleeding varices. High risk of aspiration, keep suction in the room. High risk of obstruction from the balloon with movement, or rupture of the balloon. Ulceration and/or tissue necrosis of nose, stomach mucosa or esophagus possible., DEVASCULARIZATION & TRANSECTION - Separate the bleeding site from the high-pressure portal system. Lower end of esophagus is reached through a small gastrostomy incision and staple gun, permits anastomosis of the transected ends of the esophagus, MRCP - MRI of the bile and pancreatic ducts. Examines the bile and pancreatic ducts, ERCP - Endoscope is inserted into the mouth and into the small intestine. Contrast dye is injected through tube into the bile and pancreatic ducts. X-Rays are taken. This also allows for a biopsy sample, and removal of gallstones., PARACENTESIS - The removal of fluid (ascites) from the peritoneal cavity through a puncture or a small surgical incision through the abdominal wall under sterile conditions. Ultrasound guidance may be indicated in those at high risk of bleeding. A sample of the fluid may be sent to the lab for cell count, albumin and total protein levels, culture, and other tests., TRANSJUGULAR INTRAHEPATIC SHUNT - Treats ascites with a cannula threaded into the portal vein by the trans jugular route. To reduce portal hypertension, an expandable stent is inserted to serve as an intrahepatic shunt between the portal circulation and the hepatic vein., PERITONEOUVENOUS SHUNTS - For those who cannot undergo TIPS. It is a one-way valve tube created to allow movement of ascites from the positively pressured peritoneum to the superior vena cava through the internal jugular vein in the negatively pressured chest cavity,

TREATMENTS & DIAGNOSTICS OF VARICES, ASCITES, & JAUNDICE

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