1) The transfer of values and customs from one group to another. People retain their original cultural features while also adapting to the new culture. It is often a two way process. a) Acculturation b) Assimilation c) Syncretism d) Cultural landscape 2) A process whereby people of a minority culture learns to adapt to the ways of the majority culture. a) Acculturation b) Assimilation c) Syncretism d) Cultural landscape 3) The merging of different religions or cultures that creates something new and separate from the original elements that influenced it. a) Cultural landscape b) Syncretism c) Cultural divergence d) Acculturation 4) A trend where two cultures that interact a lot start to appear more similar to each other. Examples would include tacos in the U.S. or McDonalds in other countries. a) Cultural convergence b) Cultural divergence c) Cultural landscape d) Syncretism 5) Occurs when cultures become more different from other cultures. A good example of this is the Amish culture in the United States. The Amish are a type of Christian religious group. Part of the belief of this culture is that they must reject modern conveniences and luxuries. a) Cultural convergence b) Sequent occupance c) Cultural traits d) Cultural divergence 6) (Choose two correct answers) The impact that culture has on a landscape. It includes the buildings, the architecture, the signs, the people, the industry, the places names, the imprint of language that’s spoken, the physical landscape and how that connects to the culture, land use, the climate and how that affects the place, the impact of religion on how a place looks, the art, the building materials, the values, the food, the clothing, the technology, the level of development, the presence of gender in spaces, etc. a) Built environment b) Cultural landscape c) Sequent occupance d) Multiculturalism 7) Includes such things as food preferences, architecture, clothing, music, and land use. a) Sense of place b) Cultural relativism c) Urbanization d) Cultural traits 8) The notion that successive societies leave their cultural imprints on a place, each contributing to the cumulative cultural landscape. An example would be the Roman Colosseum in Italy. a) Ethnocentrism b) Modern architecture c) Sequent occupance d) Cultural relativism 9) Another term for the cultural landscape. a) Multiculturalism b) Sequent occupance c) Cultural relativism d) Built environment 10) A traditional-style home is the most popular style of home in the U.S. today. The style is a mix of classic elements pulled from homes past with modern elements of home design. Common elements of this style include symmetrically placed windows, simple rooflines, and modest details a) Modern architecture b) Traditional architecture c) Postmodern architecture d) Cold dino nuggets 11) The architectural style that dominated the Western world between the 1930s and the 1960s and was characterized by an analytical and functional approach to building design. Buildings in the style are often defined by flat roofs, open floor plans, curtain windows, and minimal ornamentation. a) Nicholas Wozniak b) Modern architecture c) Postmodern architecture d) Traditional architecture 12) An eclectic, colorful style of architecture and the decorative arts that appeared from the late 1970s and continues in some form today. It is characterized by an often irreverent and eclectic mishmash of classic and modern styles to create singular works of architecture that aspire to look like nothing that has come before. a) Postmodern architecture b) Modern architecture c) Traditional architecture d) Sense of place 13) The emotions someone attaches to an area based on their experiences. a) Sense of place b) Ethnocentrism c) Globalization d) Multiculturalism 14) The presence of, or support for the presence of, several distinct cultural or ethnic groups within a society. a) Ethnocentrism b) Cultural relativism c) Ethnic / folk culture d) Multiculturalism 15) Evaluation of other cultures according to preconceptions originating in the standards and customs of one's own culture. a) Multiculturalism b) Cultural relativism c) Ethnocentrism d) Pilgrimage 16) Refers to not judging a culture to our own standards of what is right or wrong, strange or normal. Instead, we should try to understand cultural practices of other groups in their own cultural context. a) Ethnocentrism b) Cultural relativism c) Globalization d) Cultural traits 17) A term used to describe how trade and technology have made the world into a more connected and interdependent place and contributes to the diffusion of popular culture. a) Time Space convergence b) Globalization c) Urbanization d) Popular / global culture 18) Culture that is not tied to a specific location but rather a general location based on widespread diffusion.   a) Popular / global culture b) Ethnic / folk culture c) Ethnocentrism d) Indigenous communities 19) (Choose two correct answers) This refers to the decline in travel time between similar locations. This implies that two locations can be reached in a lesser amount of time, which is usually the outcome of innovations in transport and telecommunications. As a result there is greater interaction amongst distant places. a) Expansion diffusion b) Space/time compression c) Time Space convergence d) Imperialism 20) The process of making an area more urban (city). a) Globalization b) Gender roles c) Cultural relativism d) Urbanization 21) Cultural traits that are tied to a specific group or place a) Cultural relativism b) Indigenous communities c) Ethnic / folk culture d) Popular / global culture 22) Known hearth (place or point and time of origin) & changes often. a) Ethnic / folk culture b) Popular / global culture 23) Moves rapidly across different landscapes. a) Popular / global culture b) Ethnic / folk culture 24) Uses modern technology. a) Popular / global culture b) Ethnic / folk culture 25) Homogeneous a) The same (as in the same kind of people, culturally) b) Different or diverse (as in multicultural) 26) Heterogeneous a) The same (as in the same kind of people, culturally) b) Different or diverse (as in multicultural) 27) Large, heterogeneous societies. a) Popular / global culture b) Ethnic / folk culture 28) Creates a uniform landscape & threatens cultural diversity a) Popular / global culture b) Ethnic / folk culture 29) Spreads through expansion and relocation diffusion. a) Popular / global culture b) Ethnic / folk culture 30) Culturally distinct societies and communities made of people native to a particular place. An example would be Native American Reservations in the U.S. a) Gender roles b) Indigenous communities c) Assimilation d) Expansion diffusion 31) (Choose two correct answers) Certain urban spaces where cultural traits of a distinct ethnic minority culture are evident. An example would be The Hill in St. Louis, which was settled by Italians or Cherokee St., which is a Mexican enclave. a) Indigenous communities b) Ethnic enclave c) Relocation diffusion d) Ethnic neighborhoods 32) Roles in a society, such as jobs, childcare, etc. which are specific to gender. They are how we're expected to act, speak, dress, groom, and conduct ourselves based upon our assigned sex. In subsistence agricultural societies, for example, farmland is often divided up between genders. Men control certain types of land to grow certain crops, while women get control of other land for other crops.  a) Gendered spaces b) Indigenous communities c) Hearths d) Gender roles 33) Spaces which have uses or acccess that is specific to gender. a) Hearths b) Gendered spaces c) Ethnic neighborhoods d) Assimilation 34) When innovations spread to new places while staying strong in their original locations. a) Expansion diffusion b) Relocation diffusion 35) Examples include: Contagious diffusion, Hierarchical diffusion, and Stimulus diffusion a) Relocation diffusion b) Contagious diffusion 36) Spreading of an idea that begins with some sort of authority figure. Examples include:  A trend spread by a celebrity, fashion trends from cities like New York and Paris, laws from a government, or a political leader sharing something. a) Contagious diffusion b) Hierarchical diffusion c) Stimulus diffusion d) Expansion diffusion 37) Spreading of an idea through a population or across populations by contact or exposure from person to person. Examples include the diffusion of universalizing religions through missionaries, globalization and the spread of popular culture through social networks, or viral videos shared by random people.   a) Hierarchical diffusion b) Stimulus diffusion c) Relocation diffusion d) Contagious diffusion 38) Diffusion of culture that occurs when people move from one place to another. An example is the spread of any folk culture or ethnic religion. a) Relocation diffusion b) Hierarchical diffusion c) Contagious diffusion d) Expansion diffusion 39) When an idea diffuses from its cultural hearth outward, but the original idea is changed by the new adopters. An example would be the McDonalds fast food chain originating in the US midwest has developed different menu items in different regions of the world. a) Expansion diffusion b) Contagious diffusion c) Relocation diffusion d) Stimulus diffusion 40) Cultural forces that bring a people together within a country or community such as a common language, shared religion or lack of ethnic diversity. a) Imperialism b) Centripetal forces c) Relocation diffusion d) Centrifugal forces 41) Cultural forces that can be divisive in a country or community such as religious differences, different languages or a multi ethnic society. a) Centripetal forces b) Relocation diffusion c) Indo-European d) Centrifugal forces 42) Exerting influence in a foreign territory. This could be political, economic, and / or social. a) Imperialism b) Relocation diffusion c) Ethnocentrism d) Syncretism 43) A type of imperialism. The physical taking/controlling of foreign territory for the purpose of economic, political, or social control and exploitation. This usually involves taking over and settling within an already occupied territory. a) Mandarin b) Colonialism c) Isogloss d) Nativism 44) The policy of protecting the interests of native-born or established inhabitants against those of immigrants. a) Colonialism b) Imperialism c) Isogloss d) Nativism 45) A group of different languages that all descend from a particular common language. The two largest are Indo-European and Sino-Tibetan. a) Language family b) Hearths c) Language branch d) Language group 46) The place of origin for a cultural trait such as a religion or language. a) Hearths b) Mandarin c) Dialect d) Indo-European 47) A regional variation of a language. a) Language group b) Language branch c) Language family d) Dialect 48) The largest language family in the world, dispersed across the Americas, Europe and South Asia, including English and Hindi. a) Indo-European b) Sino-Tibetan c) Mandarin d) English 49) The second largest language family in the world. This includes Mandarin. a) Indo-European b) Afro-Asiatic c) Sino-Tibetan d) Niger-Congo 50) The language with the largest number of native speakers in the world. Spoken primarily in China. a) English b) Mandarin c) Arabic d) Chinese 51) A division of languages that are related to one another, within a family such as Germanic and Romance languages in the Indo-European family. a) Language group b) Lingua franca c) Indo-European d) Language branch 52) A division of languages that are related to one another, within a branch such as North Germanic and West Germanic. a) Language group b) Dialect c) Lingua franca d) Indo-European 53) A boundary line between two distinct linguistic regions. It can be a boundary between two different languages, or, more frequently, the boundary between two different dialects of the same language. One commonly used example is the different ways Americans refer to carbonated beverages as either soda, pop, or coke. a) Dialect b) Isogloss c) Lingua franca d) Pidgin language 54) English around the world, Swahili in East Africa, Mandarin in China, Russian in the former Soviet Union a) Pidgin language b) Lingua franca c) Creolized Language d) Revived languages 55) A language that is adopted as a common language between speakers whose native languages are different. a) Pidgin language b) Lingua franca c) Creolized Language d) Revived languages 56) A language that results from the mixing of a colonizer’s language with an indigenous language such as Haitian Creole which combines French, Spanish, native and West African languages. a) Creolized language b) Lingua franca c) Language group d) Revived languages 57) A group that learns a lingua franca like English may learn a simplified version to communicate with speakers of another language. There are no native speakers. a) Pidgin language b) Endangered languages c) Revived languages d) Language group 58) A language that has no demonstrable genetic relationship with another language such as Euskara, which is a language in Basque Country in northern Spain. a) Revived languages b) Isolated languages c) Toponym d) Endangered languages 59) Any language that is in threat of becoming extinct such as any of the Native American languages. a) Revived languages b) Isolated languages c) Toponym d) Endangered languages 60) A language that was no longer in use that has been brought back. An example is Hebrew, which was an ancient Jewish language that died off after Jews were removed from their ancient homelands. When Israel was created in 1948 as a Jewish nation state it was brought back with new words added to reflect modern needs. a) Revived languages b) Isolated languages c) Toponym d) Endangered languages 61) A name on a map. Toponyms can be influenced by history, religion or characteristics of the place. a) Isogloss b) Dialect c) Mandarin d) Toponym 62) Religions that are widespread throughout the world and are open to converts including Buddhism, Christianity, Islam, and Sikhism. a) Universalizing religions b) Ethnic religions c) Lingua franca d) Indo-European 63) Religions related closely to a culture, or ethnic heritage, and to the physical geography of a particular place with limited distribution around the world including Hinduism and Judaism. a) Universalizing religions b) Ethnic religions c) Lingua franca d) Indo-European 64) Universalizing religion based on the teachings of Jesus that began in the Middle East, and is practiced around the world with three main branches including Catholic, Orthodox and Protestant. Spread through contagious and hierarchical diffusion. a) Christianity b) Buddhism c) Islam d) Sikhism 65) Universalizing religion that began in Northern India, based on the teaching of Siddharta Gautama, found throughout east and southeast Asia. Spread through contagious diffusion. a) Christianity b) Buddhism c) Islam d) Sikhism 66) Universalizing religion that began on the Arabian Peninsula in the Middle East, based on the belief in the Prophet Muhammad. It is distributed across the Middle East, North Africa and parts of Southeast Asia. Spread through hierarchical diffusion. a) Sikhism b) Judaism c) Hinduism d) Islam 67) Universalizing religion that began in South Asia. It is a monotheistic religion fusing elements of Hinduism and Islam. a) Sikhism b) Judaism c) Hinduism d) Islam 68) An ethnic religion that began in modern day Israel thousands of years ago. It is a monotheistic religion. a) Sikhism b) Judaism c) Hinduism d) Islam 69) An ethnic religion that began in India thousands of years ago. It is polytheistic and centers around the belief in reincarnation. a) Hinduism b) Islam c) Sikhism d) Confucianism 70) A religious journey to a sacred site such as the Hajj, or pilgrimage to Mecca that all Muslims are expected to make as part of the Five Pillars of Islam. a) Food taboos b) Pilgrimage c) Isogloss d) Toponym 71) Foods that are forbidden in a culture often associated with religion, including pork for Muslims and Jews, beef for Hindus and insects and dogs for western cultures a) Nativism b) Toponym c) Food taboos d) Imperialism

AP Human Geography Unit 3 Vocabulary Review

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