Genetics - The study of heredity by examining DNA and chromosomes., Heredity - The passing of traits from one generation to another., Chromosomes - A structure found in the nucleus of a cell that contains the genetic information (DNA)., DNA - The genetic material found in all organisms; deoxyribonucleic acid., Genes - A segment (physical section/unit) of DNA found on a chromosome that carries specific instructions and codes for the inheritance of a particular trait., Inherited trait - A characteristic that is genetically passed down from generation to generation., Acquired trait - A characteristic or trait that produces a phenotype that is a result of an environmental influence., Allele - Alternative forms of a gene for each variation of a trait of an organism., Dominant - Describes an allele that is always expressed (covers over or dominates the other allele) when it is present., represented by capital letters in the genotype, such as F. - Dominant, Recessive - A trait that is covered over by another form of that trait--it is only expressed if a dominant trait has not been passed on by the parents; gene that produces its characteristic phenotype only when its alleles are identical., represented by lowercase letters in the genotype, such as f. - Recessive, Heterozygous - When there are two different alleles for a trait; hybrids, Homozygous - When there are two identical alleles for a trait; (sometimes called purebred)., Genotype - The genetic makeup (code) of an organism represented by symbols (such as Tt, TT or tt)., Phenotype - Outward physical appearance and behavior of an organism as a result of its genotype., Probability - The likelihood that a specific event will occur., Punnett Square - A diagram that shows the possible offspring of two parents; used to determine the probability of each offspring's genotype., Complete dominance - When one allele completely dominates another allele and only one phenotype is shown in the offspring., Incomplete dominance - When both alleles are dominant and the phenotypes blend together; i.e. a white-flowered plant and a red-flowered plant produce pink-flowered offspring., Codominance - When both alleles are dominant and both phenotypes show up in the offspring; i.e. a black cow and a white cow produce a white cow with black spots., Mutation - A change or alteration in form or qualities; a random error in gene replication that leads to a change., Offspring - The young born with genetic information from parent., Selective breeding - Choosing parents with particular characteristics to produce offspring that have those characteristics., Monohybrid cross - A genetic cross between parents that differ in the alleles they possess for one particular gene, one parent having two dominant alleles and the other two recessives., Genetic Engineering - The process of manipulating genes in an animal or plant, outside of the organism's normal reproductive process., Biomedical research - Research that is conducted to increase knowledge and understanding of the human life processes and disease., Chromosome Image, Gene Diagram, DNA Diagram,

Genetics Review

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