social structure - network of interrelated statuses and roles that guides human interaction, role excpectations - socially determined behaviors expected of an individual performing a role, role exit - process that people go through to detach from a role that has been central to their self-identity, achieved status - status acquired by an individual on the basis of some special skill, knowledge or ability, competition - two or more groups opposing each other other to achieve a goal only one can attain, division of labor - specialization by individuals or groups in the performance of specific economic activities, exchange theory - suggests that people are motivated by self-interests in their interactions with other people, role conflict - situation that occurs when fulfilling the expectations of one status makes it difficult to fulfill the expectations of another status, out-group - any group to which a person does not belong or identify with, reciprocity - the idea that if you do something for someone, that person owes you something in return, ascribed status - status assigned according to standards beyond one's control (assigned at birth), voluntary association - nonprofit group formed to pursue some common interest, secondary group - group in which interaction is impersonal and temporary, group - two or more people who interact on the basis of shared expectations and who possess one degree of common identity, bureaucracy - ranked authority structure that operates according to specific rules and procedures, primary group - small group of people who interact over a relatively long period of time on a direct and personal basis, role strain - situation that occurs when a person has difficulties meeting the expectations of a single status, mediation - when two parties cannot agree on a compromise, a third party acts as an adviser and counselor to reach an agreement (NOT a binding agreement), master status - status that plays the greatest role in shaping a person's life and determining his or her social identity, triad - type of group in which one person cannot disband the group and decisions are made easier because alliances can be formed, social network - web of relationships formed by the sum total of a person's interactions with other people, 15 - the largest number of people that can work well in one group and still maintain face-to-face relationships, role set - different roles attached to a single status, formal organization - large, complex secondary group that has been established to achieve specific goals, dyad - smallest group possible, Peter Principle - when employees in a bureaucracy are promoted to positions for which they may have little ability, aggregate - when people gather in the same place at the same time but lack organization or lasting patterns of interaction, exchange - type of social interaction which is a part of almost all daily interactions, cooperation - when two or more people work together to achieve a goal that benefits many, Iron Law of Oligarchy - when power is concentrated in hands of a few people,

Workman Sociology Chapter 3 Review

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