SYMPATHOMIMETICS/ADRENERGICS (Epinephrine, isoproterenol, Albuterol, Terbutaline, Salmeterol). - Fast-acting bronchodilators. It can cause anxiety, increased HR, nausea, vomiting, and urinary retention. Used before steroid inhalers. Can cause sleep disturbances., METHYLXANTHINES (Aminophylline, Theophylline) - Long-acting bronchodilators. It can cause GI distress, sleepiness, dysrhythmias, hyperactivity, and tachycardia. Oral forms are given with food. Avoid caffeine in foods/drinks. Monitor HR, crosses the placenta. Monitor therapeutic range., ANTICHOLINERGICS (Ipratropium, Tiotropium) - Bronchodilator and control of rhinorrhea. Can cause dry mouth, blurred vision, cough. Do not exceed 12 doses in 24 hours., PHOSPHODIESTERASE 4 INHIBITORS (Roflumilast) - Reduces lung inflammation in severe cases of COPD. Can cause insomnia, weight loss, depression. Many drug reactions., CORTICOSTEROIDS (Prednisone, Solu-Medrol, Beclomethasone, Budesonide, Fluticasone) - Anti-inflammatory. It can cause cardiac dysrhythmias in long-term use. Encourage oral care after use., ISONAZID - TB med that interferes with DNA metabolism. It can cause nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, peripheral neuritis, neurotoxicity, optic neuritis, and hepatotoxicity. Vitamin B6 (Pyridoxine) should be given with high-dose therapy. Interacts with alcohol, Antabuse, and phenytoin, RIFAMPIN - TB med that is broad spectrum. Inhibits RNA polymerase. It can cause hepatitis, febrile reactions, GI upset, peripheral neuropathy, hypersensitivity reactions, and orange secretions. Suppresses oral contraceptives. Increases metabolism of Digoxin and oral hypoglycemics., ETHAMBUTOL - TB med inhibits RNA synthesis, and it is bacteriostatic. It can cause skin rash, GI upset, malaise, peripheral neuritis, and optic neuritis. Side effects are uncommon and often reversible with the discontinuation of meds. Used as a substitute drug when toxicity occurs with other TB meds., PYRAZINAMIDE - TB med that is bactericidal, with an MOA that is not known. It can cause a skin rash, hyperuricemia, jaundice, hepatotoxicity, arthralgias, and GI upset. High rate of effectiveness when combines with streptomycin or Capreomycin., RIFAPENTINE - TB med inhibits DNA-dependent RNA polymerase. It can cause red discoloration of secretions and tissues. Many drug interactions. Always used as an adjunct therapy., STREPTOMYCIN - It inhibits protein synthesis and is bactericidal. It can cause ototoxicity, nephrotoxicity, and hypersensitivity reactions—caution in older adults and those with renal disease or in pregnancy., LEVOFLOXACIN & MOXIFLOXACIN - Inhibits DNA gyrase. Increased risk of tendonitis, many drug/drug interactions, CYCLOSERINE - Inhibits cell wall synthesis. Can cause personality changes, psychosis, rash. Do not use in those with a history of psychosis. Used for drug resistant strands of TB.,

RESPIRATORY MEDICATIONS

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