Trust - A group of corporations run by a single board of directors, Knights of Labor - 1st effort to create a National Union. Allowed Women and African Americans to join. Focused on social issues as well as work place issues., American Federation of Labor - 1886; founded by Samuel Gompers; sought better wages, hrs, working conditions; skilled laborers, arose out of dissatisfaction with the Knights of Labor, rejected socialist and communist ideas, non-violent., Sharecropping - A system used on southern farms after the Civil War in which farmers worked land owned by someone else in return for a small portion of the crops., Booker T Washington - Prominent black American, born into slavery, who believed that racism would end once blacks acquired useful labor skills and proved their economic value to society, was head of the Tuskegee Institute in 1881., Gospel of Wealth - This was a book written by Carnegie that described the responsibility of the rich to be philanthropists. This softened the harshness of Social Darwinism as well as promoted the idea of philanthropy., Social Darwinsim - a social theory that implies only the most competent individuals will survive and flourish with their companies in the market place, and the less fit will be consumed. Monopolies will buy out weaker companies as the market place becomes more cut throat. Carnegie and Rockafeller were prime examples, Dawes Act - 1887 law which gave all Native American males 160 acres to farm and also set up schools to make Native American children more like other Americans, Chinese Exclusion Act - (1882) Denied any additional Chinese laborers to enter the country while allowing students and merchants to immigrate. First immigration law in the U.S., Gilded Age - 1870s - 1890s; time period looked good on the outside, despite the corrupt politics & growing gap between the rich & poor, Ghost Dance - A Native American dance to call in help from ancestors to deal with oppression., Hull House - Settlement home designed as a welfare agency for needy families. It provided social and educational opportunities for working class people in the neighborhood as well as improving some of the conditions caused by poverty., Jane Addams - 1860-1935. Founder of Settlement House Movement. First American Woman to earn Nobel Peace Prize in 1931 as president of Women's Intenational League for Peace and Freedom. HULL HOUSE, Political Machine - A party organization that recruits voter loyalty with tangible incentives and is characterized by a high degree of control over member activity, Populist Party - called for free coinage of silver and paper money, national income tax, direct election of senators, regulation of railroads, and other government reforms to help farmers, Andrew Carnegie - A Scottish-born American industrialist and philanthropist who founded the Carnegie Steel Company in 1892. By 1901, his company dominated the American steel industry., Sherman Anti-trust Act - First federal action against monopolies, it was signed into law by Harrison and was extensively used by Theodore Roosevelt for trust-busting. However, it was initially misused against labor unions, Haymarket Strike - strike in Chicago that turned violent killing 8 policemen and a number of civilians; Workers were striking for an 8 hour work day and better working conditions., Laissez Faire - Economic liberalism that believes in unrestricted private enterprise and no government interference in the economy., WEB DuBois - 1st black to earn Ph.D. from Harvard, encouraged blacks to resist systems of segregation and discrimination, helped create NAACP in 1910,

APUSH Period 6 Vocab

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