Regions - a geographical area on the planet that contains at least one, but potentially multiple datacenters that are nearby and networked together with a low-latency network., Availability Zones - physically separate datacenters within an Azure region. Each is made up of one or more datacenters equipped with independent power, cooling, and networking., Zonal services - You pin the resource to a specific zone (for example, VMs, managed disks, IP addresses)., Zone-redundant services - The platform replicates automatically across zones (for example, zone-redundant storage, SQL Database)., Non-regional services - Services are always available from Azure geographies and are resilient to zone-wide outages as well as region-wide outages., Region pairs - paired with another region within the same geography (such as US, Europe, or Asia) at least 300 miles away., Sovereign Regions - instances of Azure that are isolated from the main instance of Azure., Azure resources - the basic building block of Azure. Anything you create, provision, deploy, etc., Resource groups - groupings of resources., Azure subscriptions - provides you with authenticated and authorized access to Azure products and services. It also allows you to provision resources., Azure management groups - a level of scope above subscriptions. You organize subscriptions into containers called management groups and apply governance conditions to the management groups., Azure virtual machines - the flexibility of virtualization without having to buy and maintain the physical hardware that runs the VM., Virtual machine scale sets - create and manage a group of identical, load-balanced VMs., Virtual machine availability sets - ensure that VMs stagger updates and have varied power and network connectivity, preventing you from losing all your VMs with a single network or power failure., Azure virtual desktop - a desktop and application virtualization service that runs on the cloud. It enables you to use a cloud-hosted version of Windows from any location., Azure containers - If you want to run multiple instances of an application on a single host machine, Azure Container Instances - Azure Container Instances offer the fastest and simplest way to run a container in Azure; without having to manage any virtual machines or adopt any additional services., Azure Kubernetes Service - a container orchestration service., Azure functions - an event-driven, serverless compute option that doesn’t require maintaining virtual machines or containers., Azure App Service - enables you to build and host web apps, background jobs, mobile back-ends, and RESTful APIs in the programming language of your choice without managing infrastructure., Azure virtual networking - enable Azure resources, such as VMs, web apps, and databases, to communicate with each other, with users on the internet, and with your on-premises client computers., Point-to-site - a computer outside your organization back into your corporate network. In this case, the client computer initiates an encrypted VPN connection to connect to the Azure virtual network., Site-to-site - link your on-premises VPN device or gateway to the Azure VPN gateway in a virtual network. In effect, the devices in Azure can appear as being on the local network. The connection is encrypted and works over the internet., Azure ExpressRoute - a dedicated private connectivity to Azure that doesn't travel over the internet., Network security groups - Azure resources that can contain multiple inbound and outbound security rules. You can define these rules to allow or block traffic, based on factors such as source and destination IP address, port, and protocol., Network virtual appliances - specialized VMs that can be compared to a hardened network appliance. A network virtual appliance carries out a particular network function, such as running a firewall or performing wide area network (WAN) optimization., virtual network peering - allows two virtual networks to connect directly to each other., User-defined routes (UDR) - allow you to control the routing tables between subnets within a virtual network or between virtual networks. This allows for greater control over network traffic flow.,

Azure Architecture and services

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