1) Name the structures found in animal cells. a) Cell Membrane, Plasmid, Cell Wall b) Cell Membrane, Nucleus, Chloroplast c) Cell Membrane, Nucleus, Cytoplasm, Mitochondria & Ribosomes 2) Name the two components of the cell membrane. a) Proteins b) Proteins & Phospholipid c) Lipids & Proteins 3) State the term that can be used to describe the structure of DNA. a) Double Helix b) Single Helix 4) Name the molecules described as 'biological catalysts'. a) Enzymes b) Hormones c) Antibodies 5) State the purpose of genetic engineering. a) Genetic engineering is the transfer of genetic material. b) To produce cells c) Reproduction 6) Name the molecules which control the reactions in respiration. a) Enzymes b) Hormones c) Antibodies d) Receptors 7) Name the structures found in plant cells. a) Cell Wall, Cytoplasm, Chloroplast, Nucleus, Cell Membrane, Vacuole, Ribosomes, Mitochondria  b) Cell Wall, Chloroplast, Nucleus, Cell Membrane, Vacuole, Ribosomes, Mitochondria c) Cell Wall, Plasmid, Chloroplast, Nucleus, Cell Membrane, Vacuole, Ribosomes, Mitochondria 8) State the term used to describe the fact the cell membrane only lets small soluble molecules pass through. a) Selectively permeable b) fully permeable c) non permeable 9) State the word used to describe the fact that certain bases always pair together. a) Complementary b) specific c) matching 10) Explain what enzymes do in cells. a) Speed up chemical reactions b) Slow up chemical reactions 11) Name the molecules used to cut the desired gene for genetic engineering. a) Enzymes b) Hormones c) Antibodies 12) Name the form of energy which is stored inside the glucose molecule a) Chemical b) Light c) Heat 13) Name three structures found in both animal and plant cells. a) Nucleus, Cell Membrane, Cytoplasm b) Cell Wall, Nucleus, Cell Membrane, Cytoplasm c) Cell Membrane, Nucleus, Cell Membrane, Cytoplasm, Plasmid 14) Name three structures found in plant cells but not in animal cells. a) Cell Wall, Plasmid, Vacuole b) Cell Wall, Vacuole, Chloroplast c) Cell Wall, Plasmid, Vacuole, Mitochondria 15) What does selectively permeable mean? a) This means that it allows some molecules to move through it easily, b) This means that it allows all molecules to move through it easily, c) This means that it allows no molecules to move through it easily, 16) DNA carries the genetic information for making _________ a) Hormones b) Proteins c) Enzymes 17) Name the substances that enzymes act on. a) Substrate b) Protein 18) Describe what happens immediately after the gene has been removed and the plasmid has been cut open. a) The reuired gene is inserted into the plasmid using enzymes. b) The required gene is inserted into the plasmid. c) The required gene is inserted into the plasmid using enzymes. 19) Name the molecule which is generated from breaking down glucose. a) ATP b) ADP c) Energy 20) Give an example of a molecule that can pass through the cell membrane unaided. a) Glucose b) Proteins 21) Name the four DNA bases. a) ATCG b) ATTG c) ATUG 22) Name the type of organism produced by the process of genetic engineering. a) GMO b) GNO c) GO 23) First stage of respiration - glucose is broken down into two molecules of ________ a) Pyruvate b) Private c) Glucose d) Ethanol 24) Name the structures found in fungal cells. a) All found in a plant cell but a chloroplast b) Same as plant cells c) Same as animal cells 25) Give an example of a molecule that is too large to pass through the cell membrane unaided. a) Protein b) Water c) CO2 26) Describe the complementary base pairs in DNA. a) G-T A-C b) A-G T-C c) A-T C-G 27) What is the active site of the enzyme? a) The part when a substrate will bind to on the enzyme b) Part of the substrate c) The part where will bind to on the enzyme 28) Name a human protein that can be mass-produced using genetic engineering. a) Insulin b) Blood 29) Name the two substances produced by aerobic respiration a) Carbon Dioxide & Water b) Ethanol & Carbon Dioxide c) Lactate & Carbon Dioxide 30) What is the cell wall composed of in plant cells? a) Starch b) Cellulose c) Cytoplasm 31) What are diffusion and osmosis examples of? a) Passive Transport b) Active Transport 32) Describe how the bases in DNA determine the structure of proteins. a) Sequence of bases determines shape of DNA. b) Sequence of bases determine amino acid sequence. c) Sequence of bases determines protein shape 33) State the name given to the the enzyme controlled reaction where large molecules are broken down to smaller ones. a) Degradation b) Synthesis 34) Name the type of respiration pathway that takes place if no oxygen is present. a) Fermentation b) Aerobic 35) Describe passive transport. a) Doesn't require energy b) Requires energy 36) What is a gene? a) Section of a chromosome that codes for a protein b) DNA c) mRNA 37) Describe what happens in a synthesis reaction. a) Smaller molecules are built up to larger molecules b) Large molecules are broken down 38) Name the product(s) of fermentation in animals. a) Lactate b) Ethanol c) CO2 39) What is the function of the nucleus? a) Controls cells activites b) DNA c) Site of reactions 40) Of the four cell types, which ones contain a nucleus? a) A, P, B b) A, P, F c) All d) Only animal 41) Give the definition for diffusion. a) H>L Conc down a concentration gradient. b) L>H Concentration against the concentration gradient c) Water moves from H>L concentration down a concentration gradient 42) Describe genetic engineering stage 4 a) Cut plasmid open b) Insert Gene into plasmid 43) What is the function of mRNA? a) Take DNA from nucleus to ribosomes. b) produce proteins c) Take copy of DNA from nucleus to ribosomes. 44) Are enzymes changed or unchanged by their reaction. a) unchanged b) changed 45) Name the product(s) of fermentation in plants. a) Ethanol + CO2 b) Ethanol + CO2 + Lactate c) Lactate + CO2 46) Of the four cell types, which one doesn't contain a nucleus? a) Bacterial b) Animal c) Fungal d) Plant e) P & F 47) Explain why diffusion is important. a) To allow water to move in/out of the cells b) To stop important substances to move in/out of cells. c) To allow important substances to move in/out of cells. 48) Where is mRNA produced in the cell? a) Plasmid b) Cytoplasm c) Nucleus 49) What other factor, apart from temperature, can affect the rate of a enzyme-controlled reaction? a) Water b) pH 50) What is the function of the cell membrane? a) Site of chemical reactions b) To control entry/exit of substances c) Protein synthesis 51) Give the definition for osmosis. a) L>H Conc down a concentration gradient. b) H>L Conc of molecules down a concentration gradient. c) Movement of water from HWC > LWC through a selectively permeable membrane 52) State the name of the building blocks that make up proteins. a) mRNA b) amino acids c) DNA 53) Explain what denatured means. a) Enzyme has reached its best working conditions b) Active site has changed shape so reaction will no longer occur. c) enzyme activity increases 54) How many molecules of ATP does fermentation produce? a) 38 b) 2 c) 36 55) Of the four cell types, which ones contain a cell membrane? a) Animal b) Animal & Plant c) All d) Animal, Plant & Bacterial 56) What is the function of the cytoplasm? a) Site of protein synthesis b) Site of aerobic respiration c) Site of chemical reactions 57) State the word used to describe what happens to an animal cell that has been placed in pure water. a) Plasmolysed b) Burst c) Turgid d) Shrinks 58) State the word used to describe what happens to an plant cell that has been placed in pure water. a) Plasmolysed b) Burst c) Turgid d) Shrinks 59) State the word used to describe what happens to an animal cell that has been placed in pure salt/sugar. a) Plasmolysed b) Burst c) Turgid d) Shrinks 60) State the word used to describe what happens to an plant cell that has been placed in pure salt/sugar. a) Plasmolysed b) Burst c) Turgid d) Shrinks 61) Where are proteins synthesised in the cell? a) Nucleus b) Ribosome c) Mitochondria d) Cell Wall 62) List the examples of the different functions of proteins. a) SHARE b) Structural, Hormones, Antibodies, Lipids, Enzymes c) Structural, Hormones, Antibodies, Receptors & Enzymes d) Molecules, Ions & Water 63) Describe the difference between the number of molecules produced in aerobic respiration versus fermentation. a) Aerobic = 36 Fermentation = 2 b) Aerobic = 2 Fermentation = 36 c) Aerobic = 38 Fermentation = 2 64) What is the function of the cell wall? a) Site of chemical reactions b) Provides structure & support c) Controls cells activities 65) Describe genetic engineering stage 3 a) Plasmid cut open b) Gene inserted using enzymes c) Plasmid cut open using enzymes 66) Name the base that pairs with Adenine a) Guanine b) Thymine c) Cytosine d) Adenine 67) Name the base that pairs with Thymine a) Guanine b) Thymine c) Cytosine d) Adenine 68) Name the base that pairs with Cytosine a) Guanine b) Thymine c) Cytosine d) Adenine 69) Name the base that pairs with Guanine a) Guanine b) Thymine c) Cytosine d) Adenine 70) What does enzyme denaturation affect. a) Active site b) Substrate c) Product 71) State the location(s) in a cell where aerobic respiration takes place. a) Cytoplasm & Mitochondria b) Mitochondria c) Cytoplasm 72) Of the four cell types, which ones contain a cell wall? a) All b) Animal, Plant & Fungal c) Bacteria, Fungal & Plant d) Plant & Fungal 73) When catalase acts on the substrate hydrogen peroxide, what products are produced? a) Oxygen & Glucose b) Oxygen & Water c) Glucose & Water 74) State the location(s) in a cell where fermentation takes place. a) Cytoplasm & Mitochondria b) Cytoplasm c) Mitochondria 75) What is the function of the chloroplasts? a) Site of protein synthesis b) Site of photosynthesis c) Contains chlorophyll 76) Name the form of cell membrane transport that requires energy. a) Diffusion b) Active transport c) Passive Transport 77) The order of bases is important as it determines the order of which other molecule? a) mRNA b) Amino Acids c) Proteins 78) Give the definition for respiration. a) To get energy b) To release the energy stored in starch c) To release the energy stored in glucose. 79) What is the function of the mitochondria? a) Site of photosynthesis b) Aerobic Respiration c) Controls cells activites d) Controls entry/exit of molecules 80) Name the form of cell membrane transport that does not require energy. a) Osmosis b) Passive c) Active d) Diffusion 81) Which cell structure does mRNA travel to when it leaves the nucleus? a) Mitochondria b) Ribosome c) Chloroplast 82) How many molecules of ATP are yielded from the breakdown of glucose into pyruvate? a) 38 b) 2 c) 36 83) What is the function of the ribosome? a) Contains DNA b) Protein Synthesis c) Site of photosynthesis 84) Describe active transport. a) Movement of molecules/ions against concentration gradientm with the help of membrane proteins and energy. b) Movement of water against concentration gradientm with the help of membrane proteins and energy. c) Movement of molecules/ions against concentration gradient with the help of membrane proteins and energy. 85) What is the function of the plasmids? a) Circular ring of DNA b) A nucleus for Bacteria Cells c) Site of protein synthesis 86) What type of enzyme reaction involves phosphorylase? a) Both b) Synthesis c) Degradation 87) The temperature or pH at which an enzyme works best is known as its _________ a) Best b) Optimum c) Denatured 88) Why are bacteria often used in genetic engineering? a) Can reproduce quickly b) Reproduces slowly so reduces risks c) Animal cruelty 89) Describe genetic engineering stage 1 a) Identify required plasmid b) Cut out plasmid c) Identify required gene

National 5 Biology Unit 1

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