MECKEL DIVERTICULUM - Common signs and symptoms include bleeding, anemia, or severe colicky abdominal pain (in children with intestinal obstruction)., INGUINAL HERNIA - Assess for bulging mass in lower abdomen or groin. May only be visualized when crying or straining. Physician may attempt to reduce hernia in the office. But it is only temporary until surgery can occur, UMBILICAL HERNIA - Assess whether the hernia can be reduced - notify surgeon if it cannot be reduced. Incarceration is extremely rare, but if it occurs, the child will report abdominal pain, tenderness, or redness at the umbilicus., HYPERTROPHIC PYLORIC STENOSIS - Circular pylorus muscle becomes hypertrophied, causing thickness in the luminal side of the pyloric canal. Increasing forceful, projectile vomiting., INTUSSUSCEPTION - When a proximal segment of the bowel "telescopes' into a more distal segment. Causes edema, vascular compromise, and ultimately, partial or total bowel obstruction. Symptoms include sudden onset of intermittent crampy abdominal pain. Vomiting, diarrhea, lethargy, and currant-jelly stools, gross blood, or hemoccult-positive stools., OBSTRUCTIVE UROPATHY - Obstruction at any level along the upper or lower urinary tract. Common symptoms include recurrent UTIs, incontinence, fever, foul-smelling urine, flank pain, abdominal pain, urinary frequency, urinary urgency, dysuria, hematuria, HYDRONEPHROSIS - Condition in which the pelvis and calyces of the kidney are dilated. Symptoms include failure to thrive, intermittent hematuria, presence of an abdominal mass, or symptoms associated with a UTI such as fever, vomiting, poor feeding, and irritability., VESICOURETERAL REFLUX - Condition in which urine from the bladder flows back up the ureters. This reflex occurs during bladder contraction with voiding, in either one or both ureters. COMMON SYMPTOMS include fever, dysuria, frequency, or urgency, nocturia, hematuria, and pain in the back, abdomen, or flank. , HEMOLYTIC UREMIC SYNDROME - DEFINED BY THREE FEATURES = hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia, and acute renal failure. Often preceded by a diarrheal illness. MOST OFTEN E. COLI. Watery diarrhea progresses to hemorrhagic colitis, then to the triad of HUS, CELIAC DISEASE - Immunologic disorder in which gluten causes damage to small intestine. Symptoms include diarrhea, steatorrhea, constipation, failure to thrive (weight loss), abdominal distention or bloating, poor muscle tone. Treatment is a gluten free diet., BLADDER EXTROPHY - Bladder is exposed and open outside of abdomen. Treatment is surgical correction. Stoma care: cleaned 4 times a day. Red-tinged urine is expected for a few days post-op, urine may be mucous-like and cloudy, GERD - Develops when there is a retrograde flow of stomach contents back into the esophagus,

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