Strengths of Lombroso: Lombroso was the first to give criminology scientific credibility., Charles Goring (1913) found low-value intelligence among prisoners, suggesting that criminality has some genetic basis., There are several pieces of research, e.g. Bath Spa University (Butcher and Taylor, 2007) suggests that less attractive individuals are more likely to be considered guilty., Lombroso challenged the idea that criminals were 'bad' people or chose to be criminals., Lombroso gave prisons the label 'universities of crime' and suggested that prisons were far more evil people when leaving prison than when they entered. Given today's relapse rate, this is a very insightful comment., Lombroso's work led to the beginning of offender profiling., Limitations of Lombroso: No control group - so comparisons are not possible., Lack of accuracy due to possible deformations., Not everyone with atypical features is an offender and not all offenders have these characteristics., Charles Goring (1913) used a control group that did not include offenders and found that there was no significant difference in behaviour., Scientific racism - DeLisi (2012) noted that many of the definitive traits defined specifically describe people of African descent., Very decisive and presupposes that we cannot escape our destiny., Strengths of Somatotypes: Several other studies have confirmed that physical size and criminality are small., A sample of 200 was used and, importantly, Sheldon had a non-offender (student) control condition against which to compare the results., Other researchers have obtained results that seem to support Sheldon's hypothesis. , Glueck and Glueck (1956) found that 60% of their sample of offenders were mesomorphs, but that the non-offender sample contained only 31%., Sheldon found the criminal groups to be more mesomorphic., Limitations of Somatotypes: It does not properly explain how ectomorphs and endomorphs can also be criminals., It does not take into account the fact that some people’s somatotype does not stay the same. , Because of the way people view mesomorphs, they may be attracted to delinquent activities by peer groups., Mesomorphic people may be treated more harshly by the courts, making them more likely to be officially labelled criminals., People's bodies change throughout their lives.,

Criminology - Unit 2 Physiological Theories

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